Evaluation of the Direct Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosols on the Radiation Balance of the Atmosphere

人为气溶胶对大气辐射平衡的直接影响评估

• 批准号: 9412082
• 负责人: Peter Hobbs
• 金额: $ 97.17万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-05-15 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9412082&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evaluation; Direct; Effects; Anthropogenic; Aerosols

Hobbs/Abstract Aerosols may plan an important role in the radiation balance of the atmosphere on local, regional and global scales. Recent estimates suggest that the globally-averaged climate forcing due to the direct effects of anthropogenic sulfate could be similar in magnitude (but opposite in sign) to that produced by anthropogenic "greenhouse" gases. However, there are large uncertainties associated with estimating the aerosol effects. The purpose of this research is to obtain measurements on atmosphere aerosols (with emphasis on those that derive from anthropogenic sources) that will reduce these uncertainties. The proposed research consists of two main activities. (a) Measuring aerosol size distributions, chemical composition, hygroscopic growth factors, light-scattering efficiency, backscattering of solar radiation, and singlescattering albedos in the Pacific Northwest, California, the eastern United States, Alaska and Brazil. (b) Conducting an aerosol "column-closure" experiment off the east coast of the USA. Calculations of the effects of aerosols on solar radiation, based on detailed airborne measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the aerosols, will be compared with satellite measurements of the backscattering of solar radiation of ground-based measurements of the attenuation of solar radiation.

气溶胶可能在地方、区域和全球尺度上的大气辐射平衡中发挥重要作用。最近的估计表明，由于人为硫酸盐的直接影响而造成的全球平均气候强迫在量级上可能与人为“温室”气体产生的气候强迫相似（但在符号上相反）。然而，在估计气溶胶效应方面存在很大的不确定性。本研究的目的是获得将减少这些不确定性的大气气溶胶的测量值（重点是那些来自人为来源的气溶胶）。拟议的研究包括两项主要活动。(a)测量太平洋西北部、加利福尼亚、美国东部、阿拉斯加和巴西的气溶胶大小分布、化学成分、吸湿生长因子、光散射效率、太阳辐射的后向散射和单散射反照率。(b)在美国东海岸外进行气溶胶“封柱”实验。气溶胶对太阳辐射影响的计算是基于对气溶胶物理和化学性质的详细航空测量，将与卫星测量的太阳辐射后向散射或地面测量的太阳辐射衰减进行比较。