Effects of Direct and Vicarious Discrimination on Alcohol and Cannabis Cravings: Virtual Reality Experiment

直接和间接歧视对酒精和大麻渴望的影响：虚拟现实实验

• 批准号: 10712560
• 负责人: P. Priscilla Lui
• 金额: $ 71.48万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10712560
• 关键词: Address; Adult; African American; African American population; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Anger; Biomedical Research; Buffers; Cannabis; Communities; Correlation Studies; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Drug usage; Environment; Etiology; Exposure to; Female; Funding; Goals; Health Services; Hearing; Hour; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Link; Literature; Measures; Mediator; Methods; Motivation; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Privatization; Procedures; Public Health; Race; Racial Equity; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Role; Science; Stimulus; Stress; Stress and Coping; Structure; Testing; Thinking; Time; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Victimization; acute stress; aged; alcohol craving; alcohol misuse; alcohol risk; alcohol use disorder; cannabis craving; coping; craving; design; diagnostic criteria; drinking; ethnoracial disparity; experience; experimental group; experimental study; innovation; male; marijuana use; marijuana use disorder; novel; perceived discrimination; polysubstance use; protective factors; racial discrimination; racism; recruit; risk mitigation; rumination; simulation; social; social determinants; substance misuse; substance use; university student; virtual reality; virtual reality simulation; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Alcohol and cannabis are the most misused psychoactive substances in the United States, particularly among young adults (aged 18 to 25 years). African Americans use cannabis at higher rates than Whites, and they also are more likely to be diagnosed with cannabis use disorder and alcohol use disorder than Whites. Racism and discrimination are potentially key social determinants of African American drug use, and a substantial body of research has shown the negative impact of direct, interpersonal discrimination on African American young adults. Studies have also linked racial discrimination experiences to alcohol and cannabis use and their co- use, but this link is almost exclusively based on findings from correlational studies that use retrospective reports of direct interpersonal experiences with discrimination. There is a lack of knowledge on the effects of vicarious discrimination—a form of racism that is more commonly experienced than direct discrimination. There also have been few experimental studies examining effects racism and discrimination on drug use; such research is necessary to help establish a causal link between experiences of racism and discrimination and substance use. The main objective of the proposed research is to examine effects of both direct and vicarious racial discrimination on alcohol and cannabis use and co-use. Other objectives are to evaluate indirect pathways explaining this link by way of stress, rumination, and coping motives, and to evaluate the buffering role of racial private regard. We propose a novel between-group experiment that uses virtual reality to expose African American males and females (N = 456, 18-25 years) to different discrimination experiences. Using validated, semi-structured scripts in experimental simulations, virtual reality has the unique advantages of immersing research participants in realistic environments and interpersonal exchanges to promote ecological and internal validity of the findings. Experimental conditions will include direct discrimination, vicarious discrimination, and non-racism daily hassles. We will assess participants’ acute stress and coping motives to use alcohol or cannabis, or both, in real time, and assess their anger rumination and alcohol and cannabis use and co-use status 24 and 48 hours following the lab procedures. Three specific aims will be pursued: (1) determine the causal effects of direct and vicarious racial discrimination on alcohol and cannabis use and co- use, (2) identify pathways linking discrimination experiences to alcohol and cannabis use via acute stress and anger rumination, and subsequently coping motives, and (3) delineate the protective role of racial private regard on the effects of direct and vicarious discrimination on acute stress. This application aligns closely with NIDA’s Racial Equity Initiative and funding priority on polysubstance use, and NIH’s UNITE Initiative.

项目摘要/摘要 酒精和大麻是美国滥用最多的精神活性物质，特别是在 青壮年(18至25岁)。非洲裔美国人吸食大麻的比率高于白人，而且他们还 比白人更有可能被诊断为大麻使用障碍和酒精使用障碍。种族主义和 歧视是非洲裔美国人吸毒的潜在关键社会决定因素，而且 研究表明，直接的人际歧视对非裔美国年轻人的负面影响 成年人。研究还将种族歧视经历与酒精和大麻的使用及其共同作用联系起来。 使用，但这种联系几乎完全基于使用回溯性的相关研究的结果 关于与歧视有直接人际关系的报告。人们对……的影响缺乏了解 替代性歧视--比直接歧视更常见的一种种族主义形式。那里 研究种族主义和歧视对药物使用的影响的实验研究也很少； 有必要进行研究，以帮助确定种族主义和歧视的经历与 物质使用。拟议研究的主要目标是检查直接和替代的影响。 酒精和大麻的使用和共同使用方面的种族歧视。其他目标是评估间接 通过压力、沉思和应对动机来解释这种联系的途径，并评估缓冲 种族私密的角色。我们提出了一种新颖的组间实验，它使用虚拟现实来暴露 非裔美国男性和女性(N=456，18-25岁)对不同的歧视经历。vbl.使用 经过验证的半结构化脚本在实验模拟中，虚拟现实具有以下独特优势 让研究参与者沉浸在现实环境和人际交流中，促进生态 以及研究结果的内部有效性。实验条件将包括直接歧视、替代 歧视和非种族主义的日常烦扰。我们将评估参与者的急性压力和应对动机，以 实时使用酒精或大麻，或两者兼用，并评估他们的愤怒沉思以及酒精和大麻的使用 以及实验室程序后24小时和48小时的联合使用状态。具体目标有三：(一) 确定直接和间接种族歧视对酒精和大麻使用的因果影响 使用，(2)确定通过急性压力将歧视经历与酒精和大麻使用联系起来的途径，以及 愤怒的思考，以及随后的应对动机，以及(3)描绘了种族私人的保护作用 关于直接和替代歧视对急性应激的影响。此应用程序与 NIDA的种族平等倡议和关于多物质使用的资金优先，以及NIH的联合倡议。