The Role of Ecological Interactions in Diversification: Rates of Habitat Shifts and Within-Habitat Diversification in the Enallagma Damselflies of Two Communities

生态相互作用在多样化中的作用：两个群落的斑蜻蜓的栖息地转移率和栖息地内多样化

• 批准号: 9419318
• 负责人: Mark McPeek
• 金额: $ 7万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-06-01 至 1997-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9419318&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Ecological; Interactions; Diversification; Rates

9419318 McPeek Our ability to steward the world's biological diversity depends on our understanding of the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity in different ecological settings. This research explores the importance of evolutionary processes in affecting biodiversity patterns in different habitats for a group of aquatic insects, the Enallagma damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Some Enallagma species are found only in fishless water bodies. Furthermore, 3-4 times more species exist in habitats with fish than in fishless habitats. Aspects of the physical environment, the major prey, and major predator species that coexist with various Enallagma species will be identified and used to evaluate how these aquatic communities vary across the southeastern USA. Also, a phylogeny for most of the North American Enallagma will be developed using modern molecular DNA techniques. Statistical techniques developed to test for differences in diversification rates will be applied to evaluate whether the differences in the number of species between the two lake types can be explained by speciation and extinction in the group. Along with addressing basic questions about diversification into multiple habitats, this study has important implications for the conservation of biological diversity. Most effort for conserving species is directed at the processes leading to extinction, because of extinction's immediate and irreparable impacts. However, in the longer term an understanding of how conservation practices influence the continued evolution and diversification of taxa is needed to preserve functioning ecosystems and the abilities of species to respond evolutionarily to long-term environmental changes. By studying how ecological conditions influence diversification, this research will provide initial data to evaluate how properties of ecological settings may influence the continued evolution of taxa.

9419318麦克佩克我们管理世界生物多样性的能力取决于我们对在不同生态环境中产生和维持生物多样性的过程的理解。这项研究探索了进化过程在影响不同栖息地的生物多样性格局中的重要性，这类水生昆虫是水生昆虫--斑潜蝇(Enallagma Damselfys)。一些Enallagma物种只在没有鱼的水体中发现。此外，有鱼栖息地的物种数量是无鱼栖息地的3-4倍。与各种Enallagma物种共存的物理环境、主要猎物和主要捕食者物种的各个方面将被识别并用于评估这些水生群落在美国东南部的变化。此外，还将利用现代分子DNA技术建立大部分北美Enallagma的系统发育图。为测试多样性比率的差异而开发的统计技术将被应用于评估两个湖泊类型之间物种数量的差异是否可以用物种形成和灭绝来解释。除了解决有关多种生境多样化的基本问题外，这项研究还对生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。由于物种灭绝的直接和不可挽回的影响，保护物种的大部分努力都是针对导致灭绝的过程。然而，从长远来看，需要了解保护做法如何影响分类群的持续进化和多样化，以保护正常运作的生态系统和物种对长期环境变化作出进化反应的能力。通过研究生态条件如何影响多样性，这项研究将提供初步数据，以评估生态环境的性质如何影响分类群的继续进化。