Statistical Mechanics of Driven Diffusive Systems

9419393施密特曼虽然最近在理解驱动扩散系统的合作行为方面取得了重大进展，但也出现了许多新的问题和令人惊讶的发现。这些令人困惑的问题将得到解决，从容易实现的目标到长期项目。前者包括(I)对均匀和随机驱动体系的继续研究，重点关注相图的整体特征和临界奇点等详细性质，(Ii)进一步探索多物种和多层体系，以及(Iii)对界面不稳定性和反常关联的理论理解。后者涉及一些基本问题，例如，具有整体电流的有限系统中淬灭杂质的模拟方法，远离平衡的一阶跃迁的本质奇点的存在，以及详细平衡的作用。凝聚态物理学中一个令人兴奋且迅速扩展的领域是研究远离平衡的系统中的复杂合作行为。突出的例子包括自组织、批判性和驱动型扩散系统。由于非平衡现象在自然界中大量存在，从理论基础和实际应用两个方面对它们进行充分的理解显然是很重要的。一个有希望的方法是研究简单的模型，这些模型保留了这些系统的本质特征。利用计算机模拟和分析方法的相互作用，提出了对这些模型的具体研究，以期获得广泛的潜在应用，例如，凝胶电泳、插层过程、颗粒材料或交通的流动模式、超导体中的磁通蠕变、表面偏向扩散和断裂动力学。

9419393 Schmittmann Though there has been significant recent progress in the understanding of the co-operative behavior of driven diffusive systems, a host of new questions and surprising discoveries have also appeared. These puzzling issues will be addressed, from readily achievable goals to long-term projects. The former include (i) continued studies of uniformly and randomly driven systems, focusing on global features of the phase diagram and detailed properties like critical singularities, (ii) further exploration of multi-species and multi-layer systems, and (iii) theoretical understanding of interfacial instabilities and anomalous correlations. The latter is concerned with some fundamental questions, e.g., methods for simulating quenched impurities in finite systems with global currents, the existence of essential singularities at first order transitions far from equilibrium, and the role of detailed balance. %%% An exciting and rapidly expanding area in condensed matter physics is the study of complex co-operative behavior in systems driven far from equilibrium. Prominent examples include self-organized critically and driven diffusive systems. Since non-equilibrium phenomena are abundant in nature, it is clearly important that they be well understood, both in terms of theoretical foundations and practical applications. A promising approach consists of investigating simple models which retain the essential characteristics of these systems. Using an interplay of computer simulations and analytic methods, specific studies on such models is proposed, with a view to a wide range of potential applications, e.g., gel electrophoresis, intercalation processes, flow patterns of granular materials or traffic, flux creep in superconductors, biased diffusion on surfaces, and the dynamics of fracture.