Statistical Mechanics of Driven Diffusive Systems

9419393 Schmittmann虽然最近在理解驱动扩散系统的合作行为方面取得了重大进展，但也出现了许多新问题和令人惊讶的发现。 这些令人困惑的问题将得到解决，从容易实现的目标到长期项目。 前者包括（i）对均匀和随机驱动系统的持续研究，重点是相图的全局特征和详细性质，如临界奇点，（ii）进一步探索多物种和多层系统，以及（iii）对界面不稳定性和异常关联的理论理解。 后者涉及一些基本问题，例如，方法模拟淬火杂质在有限系统与全球电流，存在的基本奇异性在一阶过渡远离平衡，和详细的平衡的作用。 凝聚态物理学中一个令人兴奋且迅速扩展的领域是研究远离平衡的系统中的复杂合作行为。 突出的例子包括自组织批判和驱动扩散系统。 由于非平衡现象在自然界中是丰富的，很明显，重要的是要很好地理解它们，无论是在理论基础和实际应用。 一个有前途的方法包括调查简单的模型，保留这些系统的基本特征。 利用计算机模拟和分析方法的相互作用，提出了对这种模型的具体研究，以期广泛的潜在应用，例如，凝胶电泳、嵌入过程、颗粒材料或交通的流动模式、超导体中的通量蠕变、表面上的偏置扩散以及断裂动力学。

9419393 Schmittmann Though there has been significant recent progress in the understanding of the co-operative behavior of driven diffusive systems, a host of new questions and surprising discoveries have also appeared. These puzzling issues will be addressed, from readily achievable goals to long-term projects. The former include (i) continued studies of uniformly and randomly driven systems, focusing on global features of the phase diagram and detailed properties like critical singularities, (ii) further exploration of multi-species and multi-layer systems, and (iii) theoretical understanding of interfacial instabilities and anomalous correlations. The latter is concerned with some fundamental questions, e.g., methods for simulating quenched impurities in finite systems with global currents, the existence of essential singularities at first order transitions far from equilibrium, and the role of detailed balance. %%% An exciting and rapidly expanding area in condensed matter physics is the study of complex co-operative behavior in systems driven far from equilibrium. Prominent examples include self-organized critically and driven diffusive systems. Since non-equilibrium phenomena are abundant in nature, it is clearly important that they be well understood, both in terms of theoretical foundations and practical applications. A promising approach consists of investigating simple models which retain the essential characteristics of these systems. Using an interplay of computer simulations and analytic methods, specific studies on such models is proposed, with a view to a wide range of potential applications, e.g., gel electrophoresis, intercalation processes, flow patterns of granular materials or traffic, flux creep in superconductors, biased diffusion on surfaces, and the dynamics of fracture.