Stream/Ground Water Ecotones: Hydrology, Biogeochemistry and Ecology

河流是复杂的三维生态系统，其中地表水和地下水成分相互作用，地表和地下水之间的界面影响河流和地下水之间的水和溶质的转移，并随气候变化而变化。 该研究项目的主要目标是量化源头河流地下水/地表水交错带的水源和水流动态，并确定这些相互作用产生的生物地球化学和生态响应。 三个目标是核心。 首先，将确定地下水/地表水交错带的水文情况。 将对具有不同冲积沉积物类型（细粒至粗卵石）的三个山区集水区进行仪器测量。 将使用表征地表输送和与地下交换的水文模型（奥蒂斯）、地下水交错带内的三维流动动态（MODFLOW）以及从上坡到溪流的山坡水路由（TOPMODEL）。 这些模型将被用来描述的瞬变水文性质的源头集水区，并量化的时间变化，地下水/地表水交换。 其次，研究了生态交错带的三维地球化学结构。 它们将描述河流下降流（地下水再变化）和上升流（地下水排放）河段的地球化学过程的垂直分布。 此外，这将决定是否淹没或干燥将重新定位许多微生物过程。 第三，他们将测量生物群落对水文交换变化的反应。 具体而言，将开展研究，以评估河流-含水层界面的底栖藻类群落结构和生物量、初级生产率和呼吸率以及藻类群落结构和演替的控制因素。 地表沃茨和地下沃茨之间的交错带极为重要。 陆地部分，河岸带对改善水质和野生动物栖息地至关重要。 水生部分包括一个动态的地下，调节养分含量和循环。 ve. T随1996年的反应和放电而变化。

Streams are complex three-dimensional ecosystems in which surface and ground water components are interaction the interface between the surface and subsurface affects the transfer of water and solutes between the stream and ground water and varies in response to variable climate. The main objectives of this research project are to quantify the sources and flow dynamics of water at the ground water/surface water ecotone of headwater streams and to determine biogeochemical and ecological responses resulting from these interactions. Three objectives are central. First, the hydrology of the ground water/surface water ecotone will be determined. Three montane catchments with different alluvial sediment types (fine-grained to coarse cobble) will be instrumented. Hydrologic models that characterize surface transport and exchange with the subsurface (OTIS), three-dimensional flow dynamics within the ground water ecotone (MODFLOW), and hillslope routing of water from the upslope to the stream (TOPMODEL) will be used. These models will be used to describe the transient hydrologic nature of headwater catchments and to quantify the temporal variation in ground water/ surface water exchange. Seco nd, the three-dimensional biogeochemical structure of the ecotone will be investigated. They will describe the vertical distribution of biogeochemical processes in downwelling (ground water rechange) and upwelling (ground water discharge) reaches of streams. In addition, the will determine whether flooding or drying will relocate many microbial processes. Third, they will measure the response of biotic communities to variation in the hydrologic exchange. Specifically, studies will be undertaken to assess the community structure and biomass of benthic algal assemblages, rates of primary production and respiration, and controls on algal community structure and succession in the stream-aquifer interface. The ecotone between surface waters and ground waters is extremely important. The terrestrial portion, the riparian zone is crucial to improving water quality and wildlife habitat. The aquatic component includes a dynamic subsurface that regulates nutrient content and cycling. ve. T varies in response to and discharge verying 1996.