Resistance to Change, Preference, and the Law of Effect

对变革、偏好和效果法则的抵制

• 批准号: 9507584
• 负责人: John Nevin
• 金额: $ 14.3万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-07-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9507584&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Resistance; Change; Preference; Law; Effect

Nontechnical Summary, Nevin J. IBN-9507584 "Resistance to Change, Preference, and the Law of Effect" One of the oldest principles of psychology is the Law of Effect, which states that rewards strengthen the behavior that produces them. However, the relation between the value of a reward and its effectiveness in strengthening behavior remains unclear. Over the past 20 years, PI has interpreted the strength of behavior as the resistance of well-learned behavior to change, and has shown that resistance to change depends directly on the frequency or amount of reward signaled by a distinctive stimulus situation. At the same time, methods for measuring reward value, interpreted as preference between stimulus situations that signal various frequencies or amounts of reward, have become progressively more precise. Both lines of research have led to findings that are quite general across species and situations; however, no research has attempted to measure preference and resistance to change at the same time, in an individual subject, which is necessary to determine how these measures are related to each other. The proposed experiments will study preference and resistance to change in pigeons working for food rewards under a variety of conditions designed to isolate a mathematical expression relating them. That relation will be a quantitative statement of the Law of Effect.

非技术总结，Nevin J. IBN-9507584 对变化的抵抗、偏好和效果法则 心理学最古老的原则之一是效果法则，它指出奖励会加强产生奖励的行为。 然而，奖励的价值与其在强化行为方面的有效性之间的关系仍然不清楚。 在过去的20年里，PI将行为的强度解释为良好学习行为对改变的抵抗力，并表明对改变的抵抗力直接取决于独特刺激情境所发出的奖励信号的频率或数量。 与此同时，测量奖励价值的方法，被解释为对不同频率或奖励数量的刺激情况的偏好，已经变得越来越精确。 这两条研究路线都导致了跨物种和情况的相当普遍的发现;然而，没有研究试图同时测量个体受试者对变化的偏好和阻力，这对于确定这些措施如何相互关联是必要的。 拟议的实验将研究在各种条件下，鸽子对食物奖励的偏好和抵抗力，旨在分离出与它们相关的数学表达式。 这种关系将是效果法则的一种定量表述。