Escaping Distressed Neighborhoods

本研究旨在研究美国大都市地区贫困社区居民流动的模式和决定因素。它关注的是理解流动中的种族差异，特别是个人、家庭和社会背景的特征，这些特征允许一些少数群体成员离开贫穷的社区，前往更理想的社区。来自收入动态小组研究的地理编码匹配文件和人口普查提取数据集的数据将用于选择具有全国代表性的家庭和个人样本，并测试三种住宅流动性的理论模型。人力资本/生命阶段模型认为，居住流动性是社会和职业流动性以及生命周期变化的伴随物。地方模型关注的是流动的障碍，尤其是种族歧视造成的障碍。住房可用性模型涉及到可用性和租赁或所有权的限制。这项研究应考虑到所有可能影响位于贫困社区的个人和家庭移动的相关变量，从而有助于建立大都市内流动性的新模型。通过明确地模拟种族歧视对住房搜索和地点选择的影响，它将提供对住宅流动障碍和机会的全面检查。这项研究应该为人力资本与社区、家庭、贫困和劣势之间的联系附加概率。研究结果对于关注这些问题的政策制定者以及寻找更全面理论的社会科学家都是有用的。

This research is designed to study patterns and determinants of residential mobility out of distressed neighborhoods in U.S. metropolitan areas. It is concerned with understanding racial differences in mobility, in particular, the characteristics of individuals, families, and social contexts that allow some minority group members to leave poor neighborhoods for more desirable ones. Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Geocode-Match Files and Census Extract Datasets will be used to select a nationally representative sample of families and individuals and to test three theoretical models of residential mobility. The human capital/life stage model argues that residential mobility is a concomitant of social and occupational mobility and of life cycle changes. The place model focuses on barriers to mobility, especially those caused by racial discrimination. The housing availability model relates moving to availability and to the constraints of renting or ownership. %%% This research should contri`ute to new models of intrametropolitan mobility by taking into account the full range of relevant variables that can affect moving by individuals and families located in distressed neighborhoods. By explicitly modeling the effects of racial discrimination on housing search and location choice it will provide a comprehensive examination of barriers against and opportunities for residential mobility. The research should result in attaching probabilities to the links between human capital and neighborhoods, family, poverty, and disadvantage. Findings should be useful to policy makers concerned with these issues as well as to social scientists looking for more comprehensive theories.