Normative Foundations in Risk Judgments
风险判断的规范基础
基本信息
- 批准号:9512060
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 6.5万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1996
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1996-09-01 至 1998-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Concern about exposures to toxic substances is part of our lives. This project, informed by appropriate scientific information, addresses this concern by developing a philosophic analysis of normative assumptions in risk judgments. The research focuses on the comparison between risks from toxic substances and those from other human activities and exposures. The discussion of risk comparisons has been dominated by the scientific and technical risk assessment community, with little input from philosophers. This discussion has been insensitive to some of the problems posed by special properties of toxic substances and some of the differences between them and ordinary risks in life. It has tended to overlook many features of the acceptability of risk exposures and to appeal to a particular paradigm, utilitarianism and cost-benefit analysis, in assessing the acceptability of risks. The goal of this research is to identify a much broader and richer matrix of features of risk-taking and risk-exposure, that can be taken into consideration when assessing the acceptability of risk . The first research task is to articulate further some of the normative distinctions underlying the different risk judgments we make as individuals. These distinctions, which have begun to be developed in the risk perception and risk communication literature, include such factors as magnitude and probability of harm and benefit, numbers and distributions of people affected and voluntary or involuntary occurrence, whether the risks are appreciated or avoidable, and so on. The second task involves the systematization and assessment of these factors in light of non-consequentialist as well as utilitarian features in moral theories. The goal here is to broaden the understanding of relevant moral paradigms in understanding and evaluating risk judgments. The project will result in articles and presentations, and a book length monograph.
担心接触有毒物质是我们生活的一部分。本项目以适当的科学信息为依据,通过对风险判断中的规范性假设进行哲学分析来解决这一问题。这项研究的重点是比较有毒物质的风险与其他人类活动和接触的风险。风险比较的讨论一直由科学和技术风险评估界主导,很少有哲学家的参与。这种讨论对有毒物质的特殊性质所引起的一些问题以及它们与生活中普通危险之间的一些区别不敏感。在评估风险的可接受性时,它倾向于忽视风险暴露的可接受性的许多特征,并诉诸一种特定的范式,即功利主义和成本效益分析。这项研究的目标是确定一个更广泛和更丰富的冒险和风险暴露特征矩阵,在评估风险的可接受性时可以考虑到这一点。第一个研究任务是进一步阐明我们作为个体所做的不同风险判断背后的一些规范性区别。这些区别已经开始在风险感知和风险沟通文献中发展起来,包括诸如伤害和利益的大小和概率,受影响的人数和分布以及自愿或非自愿发生,风险是否被理解或可避免等因素。第二项任务是根据道德理论的非结果主义和功利主义特征,对这些因素进行系统化和评估。这里的目标是扩大对理解和评估风险判断的相关道德范式的理解。该项目将导致文章和演讲,以及一本书长度的专著。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Carl Cranor其他文献
Scientific and legal standards of statistical evidence in toxic tort and discrimination suits
- DOI:
10.1007/bf00142831 - 发表时间:
1990-05-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.600
- 作者:
Carl Cranor;Kurt Nutting - 通讯作者:
Kurt Nutting
Ethics of Environmental Health (Routledge Studies in Environment and Health)
环境健康伦理(劳特利奇环境与健康研究)
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2017 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Friedo Zolzer;Gaston Meskens;Michio Miyasaka;Colin Soskolne;Marie Claire Cantone;Matted Andreozzi;Carl Cranor;Robin Attfield;Christopher Clement;Jaques Lochard;Mark Coeckelbergh;Jurgen Kiefer;Deborah H. Oughton;Christian Streffer - 通讯作者:
Christian Streffer
医療倫理学の方法 第3版: 原則・ナラティヴ・手順
医学伦理学方法第三版:原则、叙述和程序
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Friedo Zolzer;Gaston Meskens;Michio Miyasaka;Colin Soskolne;Marie Claire Cantone;Matted Andreozzi;Carl Cranor;Robin Attfield;Christopher Clement;Jaques Lochard;Mark Coeckelbergh;Jurgen Kiefer;Deborah H. Oughton;Christian Streffer;宮坂道夫 - 通讯作者:
宮坂道夫
Carl Cranor的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Carl Cranor', 18)}}的其他基金
A Philosophic and Scientific Assessment of the Use of Scientific Evidence in Toxic Tort Law
对有毒侵权法中科学证据的使用进行哲学和科学评估
- 批准号:
9910952 - 财政年份:2000
- 资助金额:
$ 6.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
An Evaluation of the Desirability of Evidentiary Procedures for Identifying Carcinogens
致癌物鉴定证据程序的可取性评估
- 批准号:
9310795 - 财政年份:1994
- 资助金额:
$ 6.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Evidentiary Procedures for Carcinogen Risk Assessment
致癌物风险评估的证据程序
- 批准号:
8912782 - 财政年份:1990
- 资助金额:
$ 6.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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