Evidentiary Procedures for Carcinogen Risk Assessment

致癌物风险评估的证据程序

• 批准号: 8912782
• 负责人: Carl Cranor
• 金额: $ 7.17万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-06-01 至 1993-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8912782&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evidentiary; Procedures; Carcinogen; Risk; Assessment

U.S. society has adopted and adapted scientific techniques for purposes of social control of risk. These techniques incorporate numerous, and potentially large, uncertainties. They also serve numerous, different social goals--scientific accuracy, social acceptability, the need for timely decisions, consistency over time, fairness to the parties concerned, protection of public health and environments, etc.--although most commentators have emphasized only the aim of scientific accuracy. The law has developed a number of evidentiary procedures to guide decision making under uncertainty and to serve the many social goals a legal system has. Using aspects of the law as a model, this interdisciplinary team aims to design evidentiary rules for carcinogen risk assessment that can help to reduce some of the uncertainties and serve better some of the social goals of risk assessment. The research involves determining which evidentiary rules used in legal proceedings might be adapted for use in carcinogen risk assessments and examining the impact their adoption might have on the social goals of these assessments. During this phase, research will focus on serving the goals of scientific accuracy and expeditiousness, which may conflict, and on developing procedures that can serve other goals of risk assessment and adjudicate conflicting goals and evidentiary procedures. Results will be disseminated in presentations and via appropriate scholarly and public policy journals. This approach offers a broader perspective on risk assessment. It recognizes the substantial uncertainties inherent in it, provides a comprehensive way of coping with them and offers some wider alternatives for thinking about the process. This project involves a collaboration between a biochemist/pharmacologist, statistician, environmental engineer, resource economist and legal philosopher. The topic is very important; the research team, well qualified; institutional support is good. Results are likely to be of high quality and broadly disseminated. Support is therefore recommended.

美国社会已经采用和适应了科学技术，以达到社会控制风险的目的。这些技术包含了许多潜在的巨大不确定性。它们还服务于许多不同的社会目标--科学准确性、社会可接受性、需要及时作出决定、随着时间的推移保持一致、对有关各方公平、保护公共健康和环境等--尽管大多数评论者只强调科学准确性的目标。法律制定了一些证据程序，以指导在不确定情况下的决策，并服务于法律制度所具有的许多社会目标。这个跨学科团队以法律的方方面面为模型，旨在为致癌物风险评估设计证据规则，以帮助减少一些不确定性，并更好地服务于风险评估的一些社会目标。这项研究涉及确定法律程序中使用的哪些证据规则可能适用于致癌物风险评估，并审查这些规则的采用可能对这些评估的社会目标产生的影响。在这一阶段，研究将侧重于服务于科学准确和快速的目标，这可能会产生冲突，并将重点放在制定能够服务于风险评估的其他目标和裁决相互冲突的目标和证据程序的程序上。结果将在报告中以及通过适当的学术和公共政策期刊传播。这种方法为风险评估提供了更广阔的视角。它认识到其中固有的重大不确定性，提供了一种应对这些不确定性的综合方法，并为思考这一进程提供了一些更广泛的替代方案。该项目涉及生物化学家/药理学家、统计学家、环境工程师、资源经济学家和法律哲学家之间的合作。选题非常重要；研究团队素质高；机构支持好。结果可能是高质量和广泛传播的。因此，建议您提供支持。