Comparative Studies of Vocal Learning

声乐学习的比较研究

• 批准号: 9513821
• 负责人: Douglas Nelson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9513821&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Studies; Vocal; Learning

9513821 Nelson Vocal learning in song birds is a complex motor skill in which young males memorize the songs of adults, and then use their memory to control their own song output. One consequence of vocal learning in birds is the formation of vocal dialects in which males at one locality sing similar songs that differ from those of males at other localities. Until recently, it has been assumed that a single process is involved in the formation of dialects: the young bird imitates one or more adults at the time and place the youngster settles upon a breeding territory. Recent evidence suggests that an independent process of selective attrition of songs from a large repertoire acquired in whole or in part at a different time and place can also lead to song sharing between neighbors. The proposed research will examine the role of song overproduction and selective attrition in the formation of local song dialects. The PI will take a comparative approach by studying different subspecies of the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys). Field observations, and laboratory and field experiments will be conducted to compare processess of vocal development in one subspecies that does form local dialects (Z. l. oriantha or Z. l. leucophrys) with another that does not (Z. l. gambelii). In the field, the PI will observe vocal interactions between males as they settle upon territories, and determine the sizes of their song production repertoire early in Spring, and compare whether they selectively retain or reject songs that match their neighbors. This will test the hypothesis that developmental pathways are conserved during evolutionary diversification, and that changes often are made to terminal stages. The PI will then conduct field and laboratory playback tests contrasting the song matching behavior of males of two subspecies. These experiments are designed to reveal differences in the perceptural categorization of songs, and to identify possible genetically-based differences in song pe rception. The PI will also employ a new method for measuring song learning that is independent of the production of imitations to examine how songs are memorized during the sensitive phase and during the subsequent storage interval. Finally, the PI will conduct a song learning experiment to assess whether live tutors modiy or extend the early sensitive phase for song acquisition, as compared with tape tutoring.

9513821 Nelson 鸣禽的发声学习是一种复杂的运动技能，年轻雄性会记住成年鸟类的歌曲，然后利用它们的记忆来控制自己的歌曲输出。 鸟类学习声音的结果之一是声音方言的形成，在这种方言中，一个地方的雄性会唱出与其他地方的雄性不同的相似歌曲。 直到最近，人们还认为方言的形成涉及一个单一的过程：幼鸟当时模仿一个或多个成年鸟，并将幼鸟安置在繁殖地。 最近的证据表明，对在不同时间和地点全部或部分获得的大量曲目进行选择性磨损的独立过程也可以导致邻居之间的歌曲共享。 拟议的研究将探讨歌曲过度生产和选择性消耗在当地歌曲方言形成中的作用。 项目负责人将通过研究白冠麻雀 (Zonotrichia leucophrys) 的不同亚种，采取比较方法。 将进行现场观察以及实验室和现场实验，以比较形成当地方言的一个亚种（Z. l. oriantha 或 Z. l. leucophrys）与另一个不形成当地方言（Z. l. gambelii）的声音发育过程。 在野外，PI 将观察雄性在领地定居时的声音互动，并在春季初期确定其歌曲创作曲目的规模，并比较它们是否有选择地保留或拒绝与邻居匹配的歌曲。 这将检验以下假设：在进化多样化过程中，发育途径是保守的，并且变化通常发生在最终阶段。 然后，PI 将进行现场和实验室回放测试，对比两个亚种雄性的歌曲匹配行为。 这些实验旨在揭示歌曲感知分类的差异，并识别歌曲感知中可能存在的基于基因的差异。 PI还将采用一种独立于模仿产生的测量歌曲学习的新方法来检查歌曲在敏感阶段和随后的存储间隔期间是如何被记忆的。 最后，PI 将进行歌曲学习实验，以评估与磁带辅导相比，现场辅导是否修改或延长了歌曲习得的早期敏感阶段。