Comparative Studies of Vocal Learning

声乐学习的比较研究

• 批准号: 9513821
• 负责人: Douglas Nelson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9513821&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Studies; Vocal; Learning

9513821 Nelson Vocal learning in song birds is a complex motor skill in which young males memorize the songs of adults, and then use their memory to control their own song output. One consequence of vocal learning in birds is the formation of vocal dialects in which males at one locality sing similar songs that differ from those of males at other localities. Until recently, it has been assumed that a single process is involved in the formation of dialects: the young bird imitates one or more adults at the time and place the youngster settles upon a breeding territory. Recent evidence suggests that an independent process of selective attrition of songs from a large repertoire acquired in whole or in part at a different time and place can also lead to song sharing between neighbors. The proposed research will examine the role of song overproduction and selective attrition in the formation of local song dialects. The PI will take a comparative approach by studying different subspecies of the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys). Field observations, and laboratory and field experiments will be conducted to compare processess of vocal development in one subspecies that does form local dialects (Z. l. oriantha or Z. l. leucophrys) with another that does not (Z. l. gambelii). In the field, the PI will observe vocal interactions between males as they settle upon territories, and determine the sizes of their song production repertoire early in Spring, and compare whether they selectively retain or reject songs that match their neighbors. This will test the hypothesis that developmental pathways are conserved during evolutionary diversification, and that changes often are made to terminal stages. The PI will then conduct field and laboratory playback tests contrasting the song matching behavior of males of two subspecies. These experiments are designed to reveal differences in the perceptural categorization of songs, and to identify possible genetically-based differences in song pe rception. The PI will also employ a new method for measuring song learning that is independent of the production of imitations to examine how songs are memorized during the sensitive phase and during the subsequent storage interval. Finally, the PI will conduct a song learning experiment to assess whether live tutors modiy or extend the early sensitive phase for song acquisition, as compared with tape tutoring.

9513821纳尔逊鸣禽的声音学习是一种复杂的运动技能，年轻的雄性记住成年人的歌曲，然后用他们的记忆来控制自己的歌曲输出。 鸟类声音学习的一个结果是形成了声音方言，在这种方言中，一个地方的雄性唱着与其他地方的雄性不同的相似歌曲。 直到最近，人们一直认为方言的形成涉及一个单一的过程：幼鸟模仿一个或多个成年鸟的时间和地点，幼鸟定居在繁殖区。 最近的证据表明，一个独立的过程中选择性的磨损的歌曲从一个大的剧目获得的全部或部分在不同的时间和地点也可以导致歌曲之间的邻居共享。 本研究将探讨歌曲的过度生产和选择性磨蚀在当地歌曲方言形成中的作用。 PI将通过研究白冠麻雀（Zonotrichia leucophrys）的不同亚种采取比较方法。 通过野外观察、实验室和野外实验，比较一个形成地方方言的亚种（Z. L. oriantha或Z. L. leucophrys）与另一个不（Z. L. gambelii）。 在现场，PI将观察雄性之间的声音互动，因为他们定居在领土上，并确定他们的歌曲生产曲目的大小在春季初，并比较他们是否选择性地保留或拒绝与他们的邻居相匹配的歌曲。 这将测试的假设，即发展途径是保守的进化多样化过程中，变化往往是终端阶段。 PI随后将进行现场和实验室回放测试，对比两个亚种雄性的歌曲匹配行为。 这些实验旨在揭示歌曲感知分类的差异，并确定歌曲感知中可能的遗传差异。 PI还将采用一种新的方法来测量歌曲学习，该方法独立于模仿的产生，以检查歌曲在敏感阶段和随后的存储间隔期间是如何记忆的。 最后，PI将进行一个歌曲学习实验，以评估是否现场辅导员modiy或延长早期敏感阶段的歌曲收购，相比磁带辅导。