Bacterial Symbionts of Hydrothermal Vent Invertebrates: Niche Characterization, Pure Culture Isolation and Fine- Scale Evolutionary Divergence

热液喷口无脊椎动物的细菌共生体：生态位特征、纯培养物分离和精细尺度进化分歧

• 批准号: 8800493
• 负责人: Douglas Nelson
• 金额: $ 4.98万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-07-01 至 1991-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8800493&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Bacterial; Symbionts; Hydrothermal; Vent; Invertebrates

Within the last 10 years, deep-sea hydrothermal vents of the Galapagos Rift, Guaymas Basin and other sites have been discovered to contain densely populated, metabolically active animal communities. These communities, living in permanent darkness and having a high degree of spatial isolation from similar communities, base their food chains largely on lithoautotrophic bacteria rather than on products transported from the photic zone. Lithoautotrophic bacteria are those which oxidize reduced inorganic compounds (e.g. hydrogen sulfide) to generate useful energy. They produce organic compounds from the precursor carbon dioxide and occur at the vents principally as symbionts within tissues of worms, clams and mussels. To date none of these symbionts has been cultured apart from the host organism. These investigations will (1) test numerous approaches for cultivation of the symbiont of the Galapagos vent mussel, (2) clam species, (3) complete purification of the bacterial DNA from numerous individual tube worms (Riftia pachyptila) from widely seperated vent sites. By using the method of DNA:DNA hybridization the fine-scale evolutionary relationships between these currently very disjunct populations will be defined.

在过去的10年里，加拉帕戈斯裂谷、瓜伊马斯盆地和其他地方的深海热液喷口被发现含有人口密集、代谢活跃的动物群落。这些群落生活在永久的黑暗中，与类似的群落在空间上高度隔离，它们的食物链主要基于自养细菌，而不是来自光带的产品。石自养细菌是那些氧化还原性无机化合物（如硫化氢）以产生有用能量的细菌。它们从前体二氧化碳中产生有机化合物，主要作为蠕虫、蛤蜊和贻贝组织内的共生体出现在喷口。迄今为止，这些共生体中没有一种是与宿主生物分开培养的。这些研究将(1)测试多种方法来培养加拉帕戈斯火山喷发口贻贝的共生体，(2)蛤蜊物种，(3)从广泛分离的喷发口处的许多管蠕虫（裂孔虫）中完全纯化细菌DNA。通过使用DNA杂交的方法，这些目前非常脱节的种群之间的精细尺度的进化关系将被定义。