Doctoral Dissertation Research: RAND Goes Domestic: The RAND Corporation's Diversification into Social Welfare Research, 1958-1972

博士论文研究：兰德走向国内：兰德公司向社会福利研究的多元化，1958-1972

• 批准号: 9520187
• 负责人: David Hounshell
• 金额: $ 0.5万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-07-01 至 1996-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9520187&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; RAND; Goes

Hounshell/Jardini Mr. Jardini, under the direction of Dr. Hounshell, is undertaking dissertation research on the RAND Corporation as a case study of the production of knowledge during the Cold War and the interaction between national security and social welfare research and policy during that period. The RAND Corporation was formed at the conclusion of World War II as a means by which America's finest intellectual talent could be harnessed to national security research and policy making in peacetime. Under a cloak of secrecy, RAND hosted remarkable advances in such diverse fields as computer and software design, materials science, space systems, and especially, in social science methodologies such as game theory, linear and dynamic programming, and systems analysis. Yet on July 14 1966, RAND's board of trustees decided to terminate the corporations exclusive military focus and diversify into social welfare research. Moving aggressively, RAND quickly secured funding support from a wide range of public and private institutions, and by 1972 its research and methods had become central to the social welfare movement. This means that, ironically, the sophisticated methodologies developed at RAND to contemplate nuclear war became some of the nation's fundamental weapons in the war against poverty and other social ills. Drawing from a wide range of documentary sources, including RAND's previously inaccessible archives, Mr. Jardini is employing RAND's diversification as a window on the complex interaction among national security and social welfare research and policy making in Cold War America. In general, he is exploring the evolution of RAND's research program, RAND's development and use of innovative methodologies as an "independent" research organization in federal policy making, the gradual deterioration of the 1950's model of secret science, and the consequences of RAND's central role in both national security and social welfare research and policy analysis. RAND's central role in bo th national security and social welfare policy-making allows this dissertation to address several other critical issues and contribute substantially to rapidly developing fields of scholarship. What led to the emergence of nonprofit research and advisory organizations, and what was their role in government policy formulation during the post-World War II ear? How have American's perceptions of the roles of science and technology in national policy-making changed over time? Of what consequence is it that many of the central analytical methodologies employed in social research and problem-solving were created to address national security concerns? What were the implications of massive defense sponsorship for the definition and content of Cold War research and research methods? As the US moves to meet the challenges of the post-Cold War era, it is of increasing importance that scholars analyze and understand the issues taken by in this dissertation.

在Hounshell博士的指导下，Jardini先生正在进行兰德公司的论文研究，作为冷战期间知识生产的案例研究，以及该时期国家安全和社会福利研究与政策之间的相互作用。兰德公司成立于第二次世界大战结束时，作为一种手段，美国最优秀的智力人才可以在和平时期用于国家安全研究和政策制定。在保密的外衣下，兰德公司在计算机和软件设计、材料科学、空间系统等不同领域取得了显著进展，特别是在博弈论、线性和动态规划以及系统分析等社会科学方法方面。然而，在1966年7月14日，兰德公司的董事会决定终止公司对军事的独家关注，转向社会福利研究。兰德公司行动积极，迅速获得了广泛的公共和私人机构的资金支持，到1972年，它的研究和方法已经成为社会福利运动的核心。具有讽刺意味的是，这意味着，兰德公司为考虑核战争而开发的复杂方法，成为了美国对抗贫困和其他社会弊病的一些基本武器。贾迪尼借鉴了广泛的文献资料来源，包括兰德公司以前无法接触到的档案，他将兰德公司的多元化作为一扇窗口，展示了冷战时期美国国家安全和社会福利研究与政策制定之间复杂的相互作用。总的来说，他正在探索兰德研究项目的演变，兰德作为一个“独立”的研究机构在联邦政策制定中的创新方法的发展和使用，20世纪50年代秘密科学模式的逐渐恶化，以及兰德在国家安全和社会福利研究和政策分析中的核心作用的后果。兰德公司在国家安全和社会福利政策制定中的核心作用使本文能够解决其他几个关键问题，并为快速发展的学术领域做出重大贡献。是什么导致了非营利研究和咨询组织的出现？它们在二战后的政府政策制定中扮演了什么角色？随着时间的推移，美国人对科学和技术在国家政策制定中的作用的看法发生了怎样的变化？许多用于社会研究和解决问题的核心分析方法是为了解决国家安全问题而创建的，其后果是什么？大规模的国防赞助对冷战研究和研究方法的定义和内容有什么影响？随着美国应对后冷战时代的挑战，学者们分析和理解本文所涉及的问题变得越来越重要。