Dissertation Research: Navigating the Cold War Economy: Corporate Strategy and Commercial Innovation, 1945-1975

论文研究：驾驭冷战经济：企业战略和商业创新，1945-1975

• 批准号: 9906350
• 负责人: David Hounshell
• 金额: $ 0.75万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-10-01 至 2001-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9906350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Navigating; Cold; War

This dissertation research project addresses the longstanding debate on the economic impact of the Cold War by taking a comparative approach and focusing on industrial research. It proposes to illuminate the range of technological, organizational, and economic outcomes firms with different cultures, core technologies, R&D strategies, and levels of dependence on military contracts achieved within the Cold War research environment. It focuses on three areas: the first explores the extent to which ideas resonant among political, military, and scientific leaders during the Cold War concerning the relationship between science and technology influenced the content of military R&D contracting policies. Considered is the hypothesis, advanced by historians of industrial R&D, that a misreading of the contributions of scientific research to the major technological breakthroughs of World War 11 led military leaders to place undue emphasis on contracting for basic scientific research. The second area analyzes corporate strategy and the organization of industrial research from the end of the Korean War to the late 1960s at Westinghouse, Fairchild, Grumman, Boeing, Sperry, Lockheed, TRW, Rockwell, and Ford. Although corporations take center stage in this section, the researcher also examines the relationship between the military and industry to decipher the direct and indirect military influences on the organization of research within firms. The third area deals mostly with industry in the early 1970s. The researcher draws conclusions regarding the ability of individual firms to produce commercially successful innovations and makes claims regarding the overall impact of the Cold War on the United States economy.

本论文研究项目通过采取比较方法并专注于工业研究，解决了关于冷战经济影响的长期争论。它建议照亮的范围内的技术，组织和经济成果的企业与不同的文化，核心技术，研发战略，并在冷战研究环境中实现的军事合同的依赖程度。它侧重于三个领域：第一部分探讨了冷战期间政治、军事和科学领导人之间关于科学与技术关系的思想共鸣对军事研发合同政策内容的影响程度&。工业研究与发展的历史学家提出了一个假设，即对科学研究对第11次世界大战重大技术突破的贡献的误读，导致军事领导人过分强调基础科研的承包。第二个领域分析了从朝鲜战争结束到20世纪60年代末，西屋、费尔柴尔德、格鲁曼、波音、斯佩里、洛克希德、天合、罗克韦尔和福特等公司的企业战略和工业研究组织。虽然企业在本节中占据中心地位，但研究人员还研究了军事和工业之间的关系，以解读军事对企业内部研究组织的直接和间接影响。第三个领域主要涉及1970年代初的工业。研究人员得出结论，个别公司的能力，以产生商业上成功的创新，并提出索赔的整体影响，冷战对美国经济。