Supercritical CO2 and CHF3 as Alternative Solvents for Pollution Prevention

超临界 CO2 和 CHF3 作为污染预防的替代溶剂

• 批准号: 9524986
• 负责人: James Tanko
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9524986&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Supercritical; CO2; CHF3; Alternative; Solvents

This award in the Chemistry Division supports research by Dr. James M. Tanko of the Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, on the use of supercritical fluids as environmentally benign solvents for chemical reactions. The award is made in the Technology for a Sustainable Environment activity of the 1995 NSF/EPA Partnership for Environmental Research. Carbon dioxide and fluoroform will be examined for their potential as solvents for radical reactions. Both solvents are expected to be inert toward free radicals and are known to become supercritical at moderate temperatures and pressures. The goals of the project are to identify the scope and limitations of radical reactions amenable to supercritical fluid conditions, to develop new synthetic methods for the synthesis of high-value organic materials, and to explore the implications of the use of supercritical fluids for fundamental physical principles of organic reactivity. Many organic reactions proceed by a mechanism which involves a reactive species with an unpaired electron called a free radical. Example reactions are those involving addition of chlorine or bromine to hydrocarbons or lengthening of hydrocarbon chains. In these reactions, it is important that the solvent not react with the free radical. Often the solvent also plays a role in the formation of the radical species. In many cases benzene and carbon tetrachloride are effective solvents for such reactions, but they are environmentally harmful. In this research two alternate solvents which are environmentally benign will be tested for suitability in organic reactions involving free radicals.

化学部门的这一奖项支持弗吉尼亚理工学院和州立大学化学系的James M. Tanko博士关于使用超临界流体作为化学反应的环保溶剂的研究。该奖项是在1995年NSF/EPA环境研究伙伴关系的可持续环境技术活动中颁发的。将研究二氧化碳和氟仿作为自由基反应溶剂的潜力。这两种溶剂都被认为对自由基是惰性的，并且已知在中等温度和压力下会变成超临界。该项目的目标是确定适合超临界流体条件的自由基反应的范围和局限性，开发合成高价值有机材料的新合成方法，并探索使用超临界流体对有机反应性基本物理原理的影响。许多有机反应是通过一种机制进行的，这种机制涉及一种带有未配对电子的活性物质，称为自由基。例如碳氢化合物中氯或溴的加成反应或碳氢化合物链的加长反应。在这些反应中，溶剂不与自由基反应是很重要的。通常溶剂也在自由基的形成中起作用。在许多情况下，苯和四氯化碳是这种反应的有效溶剂，但它们对环境有害。在本研究中，将测试两种环境无害的替代溶剂在涉及自由基的有机反应中的适用性。