Cryogenic Helium Turbulence Research

[9529609]湍流无疑是经典物理学中最突出的未解决问题。从实际来看，湍流是航空、化学和机械工程中各种能源系统设计和运行的“限制因素”。它是地球物理学、气象学和其他影响人类生活的领域的中心主题。由于这些原因，增强理解和预测湍流的能力将有很大的回报。本项目着重于基础湍流研究，使用一种非传统的流体：低温氦在其5 K的临界点附近。氦气理论上能够为地球实验室的可控湍流实验提供最高的雷诺数和瑞利数条件。然而，4-5 K的工作温度范围对现有的湍流测量技术和仪器提出了挑战。此外，要达到超高雷诺数和瑞利数的极限，需要大型低温设施，而目前只有在需要大量低温流体来冷却超导磁体或其他设备的高能物理项目中才能找到。该项目首次汇集了一个团队来应对这些挑战。该团队由俄勒冈大学（Russell J. Donnelly教授）和耶鲁大学（Katapali R. Sreenivasan教授）的教师组成，以及同事（Michael S. McAshan和James R. Maddocks），他们将在布鲁克海文国家实验室相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）低温设备（Satoshi Ozaki博士，项目主任）进行现场研究。该团队的成员包括氦湍流、流体力学和低温技术方面的世界领先者。该项目的目标是开发使用低温氦进行湍流测量的仪器，使用该仪器进行基本的湍流测量，并在RHIC建造一个主要的对流室。该项目的成功完成将使美国在低温氦湍流研究方面处于世界领先地位，并为未来超高雷诺数和瑞利数现象的研究奠定基础。湍流无疑是经典物理学中最突出的未解决问题。从实际来看，湍流是航空、化学和机械工程中各种能源系统设计和运行的“限制因素”。它是地球物理学、气象学和其他影响人类生活的领域的中心主题。由于这些原因，增强理解和预测湍流的能力将有很大的回报。本项目着重于基础湍流研究，使用一种非传统的流体：低温氦在其5 K的临界点附近。氦气理论上能够为地球实验室的可控湍流实验提供最高的雷诺数和瑞利数条件。然而，4-5 K的工作温度范围对现有的湍流测量技术和仪器提出了挑战。此外，要达到超高雷诺数和瑞利数的极限，需要大型低温设施，而目前只有在需要大量低温流体来冷却超导磁体或其他设备的高能物理项目中才能找到。该项目首次汇集了一个团队来应对这些挑战。该团队由俄勒冈大学（Russell J. Donnelly教授）和耶鲁大学（Katapali R. Sreenivasan教授）的教师组成，以及同事（Michael S. McAshan和James R. Maddocks），他们将在布鲁克海文国家实验室相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）低温设备（Satoshi Ozaki博士，项目主任）进行现场研究。该团队的成员包括氦湍流、流体力学和低温技术方面的世界领先者。该项目的目标是开发使用低温氦进行湍流测量的仪器，使用该仪器进行基本的湍流测量，并在RHIC建造一个主要的对流室。该项目的成功完成将使美国在低温氦湍流研究方面处于世界领先地位，并为未来超高雷诺数和瑞利数现象的研究奠定基础。

9529609 Donnelly Turbulence is undoubtedly the most outstanding unsolved problem of classical physics. From a practical turbulence is the 'limiting factor' in the design and operation of various energy systems in aeronautical, chemical and mechanical engineering. It is a central theme in geophysics, meteorology, and other areas which strongly impact human life. For these reasons, an enhanced ability to understand and predict turbulent flows will have a large payoff. This project focuses on fundamental turbulence research using a non-traditional fluid: cryogenic helium near its critical point of 5 K. Helium is theoretically capable of providing the highest Reynolds and Rayleigh number conditions for controlled turbulence experiments in a laboratory on earth. However, the working temperature range of 4-5 K presents challenges to existing techniques and instrumentation for turbulence measurements. In addition, to reach the limits of ultra-high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers requires major cryogenic facilities which are currently found only at high energy physics projects requiring large volumes of cryogenic fluids for cooling superconducting magnets or other apparatus. This project brings together for the first time a team to meet these challenges. The team is composed of faculty at the University of Oregon (Professor Russell J. Donnelly) and Yale University (Professor Katapali R. Sreenivasan), together with co-workers (Michael S. McAshan and James R. Maddocks) who will conduct on-site research at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Cryogenic Facility (Dr. Satoshi Ozaki, Project Director). The members of the team include world leaders in helium turbulence, fluid hydrodynamics and cryogenic technology. The project goals are to develop instrumentation for turbulence measurements using cryogenic helium, to use this instrumentation for fundamental turbulence measurements, and to construct a major convection chamber at RHIC. Successful completion of this project will place the U. S. in a world leadership position in cryogenic helium turbulence research and lay the foundation for future research in ultra high Reynolds and Rayleigh number phenomena. %%% Turbulence is undoubtedly the most outstanding unsolved problem of classical physics. From a practical turbulence is the 'limiting factor' in the design and operation of various energy systems in aeronautical, chemical and mechanical engineering. It is a central theme in geophysics, meteorology, and other areas which strongly impact human life. For these reasons, an enhanced ability to understand and predict turbulent flows will have a large payoff. This project focuses on fundamental turbulence research using a non-traditional fluid: cryogenic helium near its critical point of 5 K. Helium is theoretically capable of providing the highest Reynolds and Rayleigh number conditions for controlled turbulence experiments in a laboratory on earth. However, the working temperature range of 4-5 K presents challenges to existing techniques and instrumentation for turbulence measurements. In addition, to reach the limits of ultra-high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers requires major cryogenic facilities which are currently found only at high energy physics projects requiring large volumes of cryogenic fluids for cooling superconducting magnets or other apparatus. This project brings together for the first time a team to meet these challenges. The team is composed of faculty at the University of Oregon (Professor Russell J. Donnelly) and Yale University (Professor Katapali R. Sreenivasan), together with co-workers (Michael S. McAshan and James R. Maddocks) who will conduct on-site research at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Cryogenic Facility (Dr. Satoshi Ozaki, Project Director). The members of the team include world leaders in helium turbulence, fluid hydrodynamics and cryogenic technology. The project goals are to develop instrumentation for turbulence measurements using cryogenic helium, to use this instrumentation for fundamental turbulence measurements, and to construct a major convection chamber at RHIC. Successful completion of this project will place the U. S. in a world leadership position in cryogenic helium turbulence research and lay the foundation for future research in ultra high Reynolds and Rayleigh number phenomena.