SBIR Phase I: A Real Time Analyzer for Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

SBIR 第一阶段：氯化烃实时分析仪

• 批准号: 9560132
• 负责人: David Bomse
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: Southwest Sciences Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 1996-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9560132&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Real; Time; Analyzer

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I program will test a novel method for detecting chlorinated hydrocarbons, and has particular application to monitoring soil, subsoil, and vadose zones. Chlorinated hydrocarbons comprise one of the most widespread, chemically long-lived classes of hazardous waste The compounds are denser than water and migrate downward through groundwater and vadose zones. It is often difficult to verify the effectiveness of subsurface remediation methods because remediation activities--such as soil washing and solvent extraction--may exacerbate the migration. Thus, improved methods are required to monitor concentrations of these compounds. Any new analysis technique must be field deployable, provide rapid (real time) response, and must be selective for chlorinated hydrocarbons in the presence of large backgrounds of inorganic chlorides. This will be a monitoring method that can provide continuous determination of changes in the local concentrations of the chlorinated solvents during remediation. The approach can be engineered for use with cone penetrometers or can be implemented in fixed locations including well headspace areas. Vapor including chlorinated organic compounds is sampled through a membrane used to exclude liquids, then is decomposed in an electric discharge. The concentration of discharge-produced HCI is measured by near-infrared diode laser spectroscopy. Fiber optics bring the laser light to the measurement region from a miniature diode laser that is kept above ground and that can be multiplexed among numerous measurement points. This approach guarantees rapid time response and low operating costs. Ppm detection limits for chlorinated hydrocarbons with a 1 second response time and a measurement dynamic range of 104 are anticipated. The proposed technology is designed to be compatible with cone penetrometry in order to take advantage of the market for remediation diagnostics that has already been created around the use of cone penetrometers. Chlorinated hydrocarbons account for 35 to 40% of contamination in soil and ground water at thousands of sites requiring remediation.

该小企业创新研究第一阶段计划将测试一种检测氯化碳氢化合物的新方法，特别适用于监测土壤、底土和包气带。氯化烃是最广泛、化学寿命最长的危险废物之一。这些化合物比水密度更大，并通过地下水和包气带向下迁移。通常很难验证地下修复方法的有效性，因为土壤冲洗和溶剂萃取等修复活动可能会加剧迁移。因此，需要改进的方法来监测这些化合物的浓度。任何新的分析技术都必须可现场部署，提供快速（实时）响应，并且必须在存在大量无机氯化物的情况下对氯化烃具有选择性。 这将是一种监测方法，可以连续测定修复过程中氯化溶剂局部浓度的变化。该方法可以设计为与锥入度计一起使用，也可以在包括井顶部空间区域在内的固定位置实施。通过用于排除液体的膜对包含氯化有机化合物的蒸气进行采样，然后在放电中分解。放电产生的 HCI 浓度通过近红外二极管激光光谱测量。光纤将激光从微型二极管激光器传送到测量区域，该激光器位于地面以上，并且可以在多个测量点之间复用。这种方法保证了快速响应和低运营成本。 预计氯化烃的检测限为 ppm，响应时间为 1 秒，测量动态范围为 104。 所提出的技术旨在与锥入度测定法兼容，以便利用已经围绕锥入度计使用创建的修复诊断市场。在数千个需要修复的地点，氯化烃占土壤和地下水污染的 35% 至 40%。