CRB: The Impact of Forest Fire Management on the Population Structure of Crotaphytus collaris

CRB：森林防火管理对红角藻种群结构的影响

• 批准号: 9610219
• 负责人: Alan Templeton
• 金额: $ 23.7万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-07-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9610219&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CRB; Impact; Forest; Fire; Management

9610219 Templeton Is landscape management a more effective and efficient approach to the conservation of endangered species and habitats than strategies which focus solely on the species or habitats themselves? Few studies have actually documented the impact of landscape management upon endangered or threatened species. Dr. Alan Templeton, of Washington University, proposes to study the impact of fire management at the landscape level on the state-threatened species, the eastern collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris). The eastern collared lizard is found on Ozark glades-barren rocky outcrops that represent a desert or dry prairie-like microhabitat. The suppression of forest fires in the Ozarks has allowed trees to invade and shade over the glades, resulting in the local extinction of collared lizards and other species unique to the glade habitats. Past work by Dr. Templeton and others has shown that collared lizards could thrive when translocated into glades restored by clearing and burning, but a restored glade was never colonized spontaneously by the lizards even when nearby source populations were available. How did collared lizards get to glades in the first place? The answer may lie in one recent and drastic change in the Ozarks-active suppression of fire. Historically, fires not only maintained the glade habitat, but also maintained an open woodland habitat. With the recent suppression of fires, the forest now has a thick understory that may inhibit dispersal of collared lizards. By burning the entire landscape (forests and glades), it may be possible to restore both glade habitats and the ability of glade species to disperse. The Peck Ranch, in the Ozarks, has been the site of past glade restoration work. Starting in 1984, lizard populations were translocated there with great success. Nevertheless, there was still no dispersal among the translocated populations and no colonization of unoccupied but restored glades (some as close as 64 meters). In collaboration with the Missouri Department of Conservation, some preliminary landscape burns were initiated in 1994 on the Peck Ranch. Following a burn in 1994 and a second burn in 1996 highly significant increases have occurred in both dispersal among glade populations and colonization of new glades. Dr. Templeton proposes to continue following the fate of the lizard populations in the burn areas with both genetic surveys as well as traditional mark/recapture studies. The genetic and mark/recapture data will allow rigorous tests about the dynamics of dispersal, gene flow and colonization at several different habitat and geographical scales. These studies ultimately will allow a detailed examination and rigorous testing of three interrelated issues fundamental to much of conservation biology: local extinction and recolonization, habitat fragmentation, and range expansion into restored areas.

9610219 Templeton 景观管理是否是比仅关注物种或栖息地本身的策略更有效和高效的保护濒危物种和栖息地的方法？ 很少有研究真正记录景观管理对濒危或受威胁物种的影响。 华盛顿大学的艾伦·坦普尔顿 (Alan Templeton) 博士提议研究景观层面的火灾管理对受国家威胁的物种东部领蜥蜴 (Crotaphytus colonis) 的影响。 东部领蜥蜴发现于奥索卡空地贫瘠的岩石露头，代表着沙漠或干燥草原般的微生境。 奥沙克地区森林火灾的扑灭导致树木侵入并遮蔽了空地，导致当地的项圈蜥蜴和空地栖息地特有的其他物种灭绝。 坦普尔顿博士和其他人过去的研究表明，当颈圈蜥蜴转移到通过清理和燃烧恢复的空地时，它们可以繁衍生息，但即使附近有源种群，恢复后的空地也不会自发地被蜥蜴殖民。 项圈蜥蜴最初是如何到达空地的？ 答案可能在于奥沙克最近发生的一项重大变化——积极灭火。 从历史上看，火灾不仅维持了林间空地栖息地，还维持了开放的林地栖息地。 随着最近大火的扑灭，森林现在有茂密的林下植被，可能会抑制项圈蜥蜴的扩散。 通过烧毁整个景观（森林和林间空地），有可能恢复林间空地栖息地和林间空地物种的分散能力。 位于奥沙克的佩克牧场是过去林间空地修复工作的地点。 从 1984 年开始，蜥蜴种群迁移到那里并取得了巨大成功。 尽管如此，易地人口仍然没有分散，也没有在无人居住但已恢复的空地（有些近 64 米）上定居。 1994 年，与密苏里​​州环境保护部合作，在佩克牧场开始了一些初步的景观焚烧活动。在 1994 年的一次烧毁和 1996 年的第二次烧毁之后，林间空地种群的扩散和新林间空地的定居都出现了显着的增加。 坦普尔顿博士建议继续通过基因调查和传统的标记/重新捕获研究来追踪烧伤地区蜥蜴种群的命运。遗传和标记/重新捕获数据将允许在几个不同的栖息地和地理尺度上对扩散、基因流动和殖民的动态进行严格的测试。 这些研究最终将能够对保护生物学的三个相互关联的基本问题进行详细的检查和严格的测试：局部灭绝和重新殖民、栖息地破碎化以及范围扩展到恢复区域。