The Impact of Forest Fire Management on the Population Structure of Glade Species in the Ozarks

森林火灾管理对奥沙克林间空地物种种群结构的影响

• 批准号: 0108874
• 负责人: Alan Templeton
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0108874&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impact; Forest; Fire; Management; Population

gThe collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) lives on rocky outcrops in the Ozarks called glades. Suppression of forest fires has destroyed many glades and has transformed the surrounding forest from an open woodlands into a forest with a dense understory. By 1980 no populations of collared lizards existed within or nearby the Stegall Mountain Natural Area. Between 1984 and 1989, we translocated three populations of collared lizards onto restored glades in this natural area. All three flourished, but we observed no animal dispersing between glades and no colonization of new glades up to 1993. In 1994 the Missouri Department of Conservation began prescribed burns in this area. Under fire management, genetic interchanges began to occur between glades, 44 glades were colonized, and the population size increased over10-fold. We propose to (1) continue to document the lizards' range expansion and characterize its genetic consequences, (2) quantify the amount of extinction and recolonization on glades under fire management, (3) measure the amount of genetic interchange among glade populations, and (4) monitor the genetic health of the populations. We rarely have the opportunity to observe drastic alterations in a species' population structure. Here we can. Conservation biology places great importance upon interchange among local populations, and here we can directly test whether or not landscape-level management affects such interchanges. Another basic tool of conservation biology is effective population size, which can be used to monitor the rate of loss of genetic diversity and the rate of accumulation of potentially deleterious inbreeding. Because we know the initial state (the original three translocated populations), we can estimate effective sizes with unprecedented accuracy and compare our estimates to those based on the commonly used approximations. Such a comparison is long over due given the importance of effective size in conservation, and we are in a unique position to do it.

有领蜥蜴（Crotaphytus collaris）生活在欧扎克地区被称为沼泽地的岩石露头上。 森林大火的扑灭摧毁了许多林间空地，并将周围的森林从开阔的林地转变为林下植被茂密的森林。 到1980年，在斯特格尔山自然保护区（Stegall Mountain Natural Area）内或附近没有项圈蜥蜴的种群。 在1984年和1989年之间，我们将三个种群的有领蜥蜴迁移到这个自然区域的恢复林地。 这三个地方都很繁荣，但我们观察到，直到1993年，没有动物在沼泽地之间扩散，也没有动物在新的沼泽地定居。 1994年，密苏里州自然保护部开始在这一地区进行规定的焚烧。 在火灾管理下，遗传交换开始在林间空地之间发生，44个林间空地被殖民，种群规模增加了10倍以上。 我们建议（1）继续记录蜥蜴的范围扩张，并描述其遗传后果，（2）量化火灾管理下的沼泽地的灭绝和灭绝数量，（3）测量沼泽地种群之间的遗传交换量，（4）监测种群的遗传健康。我们很少有机会观察到一个物种的种群结构的急剧变化。 在这里我们可以。保护生物学非常重视当地种群之间的交流，在这里，我们可以直接测试是否保护水平的管理影响这种交流。 保护生物学的另一个基本工具是有效种群规模，它可以用来监测遗传多样性的丧失速度和潜在有害近亲繁殖的积累速度。 因为我们知道初始状态（最初的三个易位群体），我们可以以前所未有的精度估计有效大小，并将我们的估计值与基于常用近似值的估计值进行比较。 考虑到有效规模在保护方面的重要性，这样的比较是早就应该的，而我们处于一个独特的位置来这样做。