Aggregative and Deliberative Contexts for Valuation: A Philosophical Contribution to Experimental Research in Environmental Decision Making

社会经济研究投入了相当多的精力来衡量个人对市场无法定价的环境产品和服务的价值。这项研究的目标是引出个人的“给定”或优先偏好，并使用这些数据来指导有关最大化个人和社会福祉的政策。最近关于民主和审议过程的哲学研究也出现了对这一方法的补充。从这个角度来看，个人，而不是简单地作为先前偏好的承担者，加入了公共价值观构建的社会过程。经济学家、社会学家和其他社会科学家正在开发新的研究方法，以确定环境产品的评估在多大程度上可以从话语、信息丰富和深思熟虑的实验方法中受益。该项目旨在通过将这些实验方法与强调社会学习、交流和认同过程的政治理论和哲学工作联系起来，塑造和告知社会经济研究中的这些实验方法。研究人员还建议分析从群体话语、审议和证据考虑中产生的数据的政策相关性——这些数据可能反映了个人对其自身福祉的判断，而不是对整个社区目标的判断。

Socioeconomic research has devoted considerable effort to measuring the value individuals attach to environmental goods and services that markets fail to price. The goal of this research has been to elicit the `given` or prior preferences of individuals and to use those data to guide policy concerned with maximizing individual and social well-being. A complement to this approach has emerged from recent philosophical research on democracy and deliberative processes. From this perspective, the individual, rather than serving simply as a bearer of prior preferences, joins in a social process in which public values are constructed. Economists, sociologists, and other social scientists are now developing new research approaches to determine the extent to which the valuation of environmental goods can benefit from discursive, information-rich, and deliberative experimental methods. The project intends to shape and inform these experimental methods in socioeconomic research by relating them to work in political theory and philo sophy that emphasizes processes of social learning, exchange, and identification. The investigators also propose to analyze the policy relevance of data that emerge from group discourse, deliberation, and consideration of evidence - - data which may reflect judgments individuals make not about their own well -being but about the objectives of the community as a whole.