IIA Valuation and Collaboration: The Uses of Economic Research in Negotiated and Participatory Decision Making

IIA 估值与合作：经济研究在谈判和参与决策中的应用

• 批准号: 9975770
• 负责人: Mark Sagoff
• 金额: $ 6.47万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-01-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9975770&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IIA; Valuation; Collaboration; Uses; Economic

The project will analyze the interplay between economic studies, such as cost-benefit analyses, and participatory, discursive, and deliberative processes, such as stakeholder negotiations, in environmental decision making. A great deal of research during the past two decades has sought to improve the techniques of economic valuation and value solicitation; a smaller though significant body of research addresses participatory approaches to environmental problem solving. This project will identify and classify ways in which economic analyses of different kinds have proven useful in negotiated environmental rulemaking and in other deliberative and collaborative efforts to solve environmental problems. On the basis of historical, conceptual, and normative research, this project will recommend approaches to economic valuation intended to increase its relevance for participatory and deliberative efforts to resolve environmental disputes. The project employs, first, a conceptually informed historical and inductive method to develop and review case studies of environmental negotiations in which cost-benefit and other economic analyses play an important role. The proposal describes two examples: 1) negotiations under way to establish a system of tradable grazing rights to forage on public lands; and 2) the negotiated regulation requiring strict emission controls at the Navajo Generating Station in Arizona. The project employs, second, the methods of normative and conceptual analysis to examine within the context of democratic political theory the relation between current efforts to "reinvent regulation" through more participatory, decentralized decision-making structures and efforts to "reform regulation" through the use of more and better scientific, technical, and economic analysis. The research proposed here seeks to show how regulatory decisions could draw legitimacy from both approaches if they were better aligned with each other. This project thus intends to respond in part to the perennial problem of the legitimacy of environmental regulation (as distinct from common-law protections) in view of the delegation (or overdelegation) of legislative authority to administrative agencies since the New Deal.

该项目将分析经济研究（如成本效益分析）与参与性、话语性和审议性过程（如利益相关者谈判）在环境决策中的相互作用。过去二十年来进行了大量的研究，试图改进经济估价和价值征求的技术；一个规模较小但意义重大的研究机构致力于解决环境问题的参与式方法。这个项目将确定和分类各种经济分析在谈判环境规则制定和其他协商和合作努力解决环境问题方面已证明有用的方式。在历史、概念和规范研究的基础上，本项目将建议经济评估方法，以增加其与解决环境争端的参与性和审议性努力的相关性。该项目首先采用一种概念知情的历史和归纳方法来发展和审查环境谈判的案例研究，其中成本效益和其他经济分析发挥重要作用。该提案描述了两个例子：1)正在进行谈判，以建立一个在公共土地上觅食的可交易放牧权制度；2)亚利桑那州纳瓦霍发电站（Navajo Generating Station）严格控制排放的谈判规定。其次，该项目采用规范和概念分析的方法，在民主政治理论的背景下，考察当前通过更具参与性和分散化的决策结构“重塑监管”的努力与通过使用更多更好的科学、技术和经济分析“改革监管”的努力之间的关系。本文提出的研究旨在表明，如果监管决策能够更好地相互协调，它们如何能够从这两种方法中获得合法性。因此，鉴于自新政以来立法权力下放（或过度下放）给行政机构，本项目打算在一定程度上回应环境监管合法性（与普通法保护不同）这一长期存在的问题。