Development of a 3-D Sea Ice Model for Climate Applications

这项研究要解决的基本科学问题是：“不同的物理过程如何影响海冰对热通量扰动的响应？”将开发用于气候应用的新 3D 海冰模型。这项研究的动机是一维热力学模型和二维动态/热力学模型（均广泛用于气候模拟）对表面热通量扰动（例如二氧化碳倍增引起的扰动）的响应之间存在巨大差异。 海冰中发生的重要物理过程的不确定性仍然存在，需要进一步的观测数据（以及对现有数据的分析）。然而，我们对各个物理过程已有足够的了解，并且通过将对当前包含在 1-D 和 2-D 模型中的不同物理过程的最先进的理解综合到 3-D 动态/热力学海冰模型中，可以在海冰建模方面取得重大进展。研究者的研究小组最近开发的单细胞热力学/动态海冰模型的成功在这方面非常令人鼓舞。基于先前和正在进行的研究活动，用于气候模型应用的海冰建模将按如下方式开发； a) 改进单细胞热力学/动态海冰模型，并根据现场和卫星观测对其进行测试 b) 使用单细胞模型进行敏感性研究，以评估可提高计算效率的简化 c) 将单细胞研究中认为必要的过程纳入 3-D 动态/热力学海冰模型； d) 评估是否可以进一步简化 3-D 模型以提高计算效率 e) 进行全盆地模拟以评估模型性能（与观测结果进行比较）并评估模型对热通量和动量扰动的敏感性。 这项工作的产品将是一个全面、模块化、记录齐全且可公开使用的 3D 海冰模型，该模型可以作为参与极地应用的各种研究人员的工具，并且可以为区域和气候系统模型提供改进的海冰组成部分。

The fundamental scientific question to be addressed by this research is: "How do different physical processes influence the response of sea ice to a heat flux perturbation?" A new 3-D sea ice model for climate applications will be developed. This research is motivated by large discrepancies between the response of the 1-D thermodynamic and 2-D dynamic/thermodynamia models (both widely used in climate simulations) to a surface heat flux perturbation such as would arise from a CO2doubling. Uncertainties regarding important physical processes occurring in sea ice still remain, and further observational data (and analyses of existing data) are required. However, there is a sufficient amount known about the individual physical processes and significant progress can be made in sea ice modeling by synthesizing state-of-the-art understanding of the different physical processes currently included in l-D and 2-D models into a 3-D dynamic/thermodynamic sea ice model. The success of a single-cell thermodynamic/dynamic sea ice model that was developed recently by the investigator's research group is very encouraging in this regard. Building upon previous and ongoing research activities, sea ice modeling for applications in climate models will be developed as follows; a) improve a single-cell thermodynamic/dynamic sea ice model and test it against field and satellite observations b) conduct sensitivity studies using the single-cell model to assess simplifications that can be made to improve computational efficiency c) incorporate the processes deemed necessary in the single-cell studies into a 3-D dynamic/thermodynamic sea ice model; d) assess if further simplifications of the 3-D model can be made to improve computational efficiency e) conduct basin-wide simulations to assess model performance be comparing with observations and to assess model sensitivity to heat flux and momentum perturbations. A product of this work will be a comprehensive, modular, well-documented, and publi clyavailable 3-D sea ice model that can serve as a tool for a variety of researchers involved in polar applications, and that could provide an improved sea ice component for regional and climate system models.