Arctic Ice Crystal Haze

这个项目是对冰的辐射特性的研究 极地大气中的晶体，以及评估这些晶体 影响辐射通量、局部加热率和能见度。 冰 晶体一般不被认为是重要的， 大气层，主要是因为注意力集中在人为的 污染物，和一些光学效应，如与中， 纬度卷云已被观测到。 然而，在南极洲 大气中，晴朗的天空冰晶降水一直是 观察到，在内部站可以占80%以上 年降水量。 光学效应，包括一些非常罕见的 在南极观测站经常观测到由冰晶形成的冰。 北极冰晶的气候学则不那么确定。 从北极的表面和 从卫星上获取信息是很困难的，尤其是在极夜。 的 在目前的天气情况下，可能会出现冰晶 代码，但更有可能根本不会被注意到。 卫星观测 冰晶，特别是在雪或冰的表面，或在 极夜，仍然是一个未解决的问题。 然而最近， 随着越来越多的证据表明， 北极霾事件的水平能见度明显低于 从雾的散射特性可以预期 颗粒单独，和一个显着的冰晶浓度似乎是 指出了 本项目将制定一个云微物理参数化方案， 根据对冰晶、化学和气象的观察， 1989年3月和4月提出的条件。 的模型输出 辐射通量发散和加热率将耦合到一个 热力学海冰模型，该模型将提供平衡海 冰厚值。 这将提供一个独特的和创新的外观， 冰晶是如何与化学、动力学和辐射相互作用的 极地大气中的过程。

This project is an investigation into the radiative properties of ice crystals in the polar atmosphere, and an assessment how these crystals affect radiative fluxes, local heating rates, and visibility. Ice crystals have not generally been considered important in the polar atmosphere, primarily because attention was focussed on anthropogenic pollutants, and few optical effects such as those associated with mid- latitude cirrus clouds have been observed. However in the antarctic atmosphere, clear-sky ice crystal precipitation has consistently been observed, and at interior stations can account for more than 80 percent of the annual precipitation. Optical effects, including some quite rare ones, due to ice crystals are observed frequently at South Pole Station. The climatology of arctic ice crystal is much less certain. Observations of ice crystals in the arctic from both the surface and from satellites is difficult, particularly during the polar night. The occurrence of ice crystals may be noted in the synoptic present weather code, but more likely will not be noted at all. Satellite observation of ice crystals, particularly over a snow or ice surface, or in the polar night, remains an unsolved problem. Recently however this question has become more prominent as evidence is accumulating that the horizontal visibility in arctic haze events is significantly less than would be expected from the scattering characteristics of the haze particles alone, and a significant ice crystal concentrations seem to be indicated. This project will develop a cloud microphysics parameterization scheme, based on observations of ice crystals, chemistry, and meteorological conditions to be made in March and April 1989. The model output of the radiative flux divergences and heating rates will be coupled to a thermodynamic sea ice model which will in turn provide equilibrium sea ice thickness values. This will provide a unique and innovative look at how ice crystals interact with the chemical, dynamical and radiative processes in the polar atmosphere.