TOGA: Determination and Impacts of Surface Radiative Fluxes for TOGA COARE

为了支持TOGA COARE的目标，本项目是对西太平洋暖池区域表面辐射过程的研究。该计划的目标是为整个TOGA COARE主域提供30公里空间分辨率和3小时时间分辨率的海洋表面“皮肤”温度、可降水量、云性质以及表面长波和短波辐射通量组成分析。用于分析的数据将主要通过卫星遥感获得，ISCCP数据集和算法将发挥重要作用。可利用的地面和飞机数据将用于验证遥感算法，并将与卫星检索数据混合，用于最终分析产品。提出了一个飞机子程序，专门用于研究云辐射特性，并验证卫星导出的地表通量。拟议的研究将分三个阶段完成：i)遥感试点研究，以开发和比较卫星算法；ii)利用TOGA COARE IOP地面和飞机观测验证遥感算法，并为IOP准备高分辨率分析；iii)利用分析的领域进行诊断和建模研究。将进行天气和中尺度大气强迫对所分析的地表辐射通量调制的诊断性研究。将利用海洋混合层模式研究海洋混合层对地表辐射通量波动的时间响应。海洋混合层模式将与大气辐射-对流模式耦合，以评估在大气和海洋边界层之间发生的辐射和云反馈。这项研究很重要，因为它是TOGA/COARE对世界上一个特别气候敏感地区——西太平洋——海洋-大气耦合过程的主要TOGA/COARE研究之一，西太平洋是TOGA/COARE的实地地点。

In support of the TOGA COARE objectives, this project is a study of the surface radiative processes in the western Pacific warm pool region. The objective of the program is to provide analyses of: sea-surface "skin" temperature, precipitable water, cloud properties, and components of the surface longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes, with spatial resolution of 30 km and temporal resolution of 3 hours for the entire TOGA COARE primary domain. The data for the analyses will be obtained principally by satellite remote sensing, with the ISCCP data set and algorithms playing a substantial role. Available surface and aircraft data will be utilized to validate the remote sensing algorithms and will also be blended with the satellite retrievals for the final analysis products. An aircraft sub-program is proposed specifically to investigate cloud-radiative properties, and to validate the satellite-derived surface fluxes. The proposed research will be accomplished in three stages: i) remote sensing pilot study to develop and compare satellite algorithms; ii) validation of remote sensing algorithms using TOGA COARE IOP surface and aircraft observations and preparation of high-resolution analyses for the IOP; and iii) diagnostic and modelling studies utilizing the analyzed fields. Diagnostic studies of the modulation of the analyzed surface radiative fluxes by synoptic and mesoscale atmospheric forcing will be conducted. The temporal response of the ocean mixed layer to fluctuations in the surface radiative fluxes will be examined using an ocean mixed- layer model. The ocean mixed-layer model will be coupled to an atmospheric radiative-convective model to assess the radiative and cloud feedbacks occurring between the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. This research is important because it serves as one of the principal TOGA/COARE studies of the processes responsible for the coupling of the ocean-atmosphere in an especially climate sensitive region of the world, the western Pacific Ocean, the field site of TOGA/COARE.