Mechanisms of Olfactory Foraging by Antarctic Procellariiform Seabirds

南极 Procellariiform 海鸟的嗅觉觅食机制

• 批准号: 9615061
• 负责人: Gabrielle Nevitt
• 金额: $ 1.05万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-03-15 至 1998-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9615061&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanisms; Olfactory; Foraging; Antarctic; Procellariiform

9615061 Nevitt The Pelagic Ecosystems Studies (PES) program utilizes Framework Science to analyze the operation of the Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem. Objectives of the program include questions relating to the development of strategies for the management and exploitation of marine resources as part of CCAMLR, and the effect of Climate Change upon the marine ecosystem. The geographical focus for the work is the South Georgia area but the open nature of the ecosystem means that the system must be studied in the context of the operation of the Scotia Sea and the wider Southern Ocean. As part of the proposed five-year research program for the period 1995-2000, the Pelagic Ecosystem Studies Group have designed a coordinated series of research cruises. In addition to those cruises targeted on specific aspects of ecosystem dynamics, the study program includes a yearly repeat mesoscale survey cruise designed specifically to provide information on large-scale, long-term, variability. The repeat survey will focus on three aspects. First, it will establish a physical oceanographic context for the season based on a 740 km transect between the Maurice Ewing Bank and the Willis Islands, to the west of Bird Island. This transect crosses the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) which is a key area for setting the South Georgia studies in a larger context. Second, it will examine features of community composition both along the transect and in two survey areas along the north coast of South Georgia. Finally, it will collect information on the population structure, distribution and abundance of krill in the same survey areas. Krill is the dominant dietary component for many of the bird and seal species studied at Bird Island, and interannual variation in predator populations is largely related to changes in krill availability around the island. Krill is also the focus of a major commercial fishery and is the key organism in the CCAMLR resource based analyses of the ecosystem.

9615061 Nevitt远洋生态系统研究（PES）计划利用框架科学来分析南大洋海洋生态系统的运作。 该方案的目标包括与制定作为南极海洋生物资源保护委员会一部分的海洋资源管理和开发战略有关的问题，以及气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响。 这项工作的地理重点是南格鲁吉亚地区，但生态系统的开放性质意味着必须在斯科舍海和更广泛的南大洋的运作背景下研究该系统。 作为拟议的1995-2000年期间五年研究方案的一部分，大洋生态系统研究小组设计了一系列协调的研究航行。 除了针对生态系统动态具体方面的考察航行外，研究方案还包括每年一次的中尺度重复考察航行，专门用于提供关于大尺度长期变异性的信息。 此次复测将重点关注三个方面。 首先，它将建立一个物理海洋环境的基础上，一个740公里的样带之间的莫里斯尤因银行和威利斯群岛，鸟岛以西的季节。 该样带穿过极锋区（PFZ），这是在更大背景下设置南格鲁吉亚研究的关键区域。 第二，它将研究社区组成的特点都沿着样带，并在两个调查领域沿着南格鲁吉亚的北海岸。 最后，它将收集关于同一调查区磷虾的种群结构、分布和丰度的资料。 磷虾是在鸟岛研究的许多鸟类和海豹物种的主要饮食成分，捕食者种群的年际变化在很大程度上与岛上磷虾供应的变化有关。 磷虾也是主要商业渔业的重点，是南极海洋生物资源保护委员会基于资源的生态系统分析中的关键生物。