Mechanisms of Olfactory Foraging by Antarctic Procellariiform Seabirds

远洋生态系统研究（PES）项目利用框架科学来分析南大洋海洋生态系统的运作。该计划的目标包括：作为CCAMLR的一部分，制定管理和开发海洋资源的战略，以及气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响。这项工作的地理重点是南乔治亚地区，但生态系统的开放性意味着必须在斯科舍海和更广泛的南大洋的作业背景下研究该系统。作为拟议的1995-2000年五年期研究方案的一部分，远洋生态系统研究小组设计了一系列协调的研究巡航。除了针对生态系统动力学的特定方面的巡航之外，研究计划还包括每年重复的中尺度调查巡航，专门设计用于提供大尺度，长期变化的信息。重复调查将集中在三个方面。首先，它将在鸟岛以西的莫里斯尤因滩和威利斯群岛之间740公里的横断面上为这个季节建立一个物理海洋学背景。这个样带穿过极地锋区（PFZ），这是将南乔治亚研究置于更大背景下的关键区域。其次，它将研究沿样带和沿南乔治亚北部海岸的两个调查区域的社区组成特征。最后，收集同一调查区域磷虾的种群结构、分布和丰度等信息。磷虾是在鸟岛研究的许多鸟类和海豹物种的主要饮食成分，捕食者种群的年际变化在很大程度上与岛上磷虾供应的变化有关。磷虾也是主要商业渔业的重点，也是CCAMLR基于资源的生态系统分析的关键生物。

9615061 Nevitt The Pelagic Ecosystems Studies (PES) program utilizes Framework Science to analyze the operation of the Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem. Objectives of the program include questions relating to the development of strategies for the management and exploitation of marine resources as part of CCAMLR, and the effect of Climate Change upon the marine ecosystem. The geographical focus for the work is the South Georgia area but the open nature of the ecosystem means that the system must be studied in the context of the operation of the Scotia Sea and the wider Southern Ocean. As part of the proposed five-year research program for the period 1995-2000, the Pelagic Ecosystem Studies Group have designed a coordinated series of research cruises. In addition to those cruises targeted on specific aspects of ecosystem dynamics, the study program includes a yearly repeat mesoscale survey cruise designed specifically to provide information on large-scale, long-term, variability. The repeat survey will focus on three aspects. First, it will establish a physical oceanographic context for the season based on a 740 km transect between the Maurice Ewing Bank and the Willis Islands, to the west of Bird Island. This transect crosses the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) which is a key area for setting the South Georgia studies in a larger context. Second, it will examine features of community composition both along the transect and in two survey areas along the north coast of South Georgia. Finally, it will collect information on the population structure, distribution and abundance of krill in the same survey areas. Krill is the dominant dietary component for many of the bird and seal species studied at Bird Island, and interannual variation in predator populations is largely related to changes in krill availability around the island. Krill is also the focus of a major commercial fishery and is the key organism in the CCAMLR resource based analyses of the ecosystem.