Collaborative Research: Hermits, Kings, and Convergence: Integrating Molecules and Morphology to Study the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Anomura (Crustacea Amoura)

合作研究：隐士、国王和趋同：整合分子和形态学来研究 Anomura（甲壳纲 Amoura）的系统发育关系

• 批准号: 9615461
• 负责人: Clifford Cunningham
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-02-15 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9615461&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hermits; Kings; Convergence

9615461 CUNNINGHAM Hermit crabs are best known for using empty snail shells as shelters. Most morphological features that define hermit crabs as a group seem to be adaptations to the asymmetrically coiled shell. A surprising number of species, however, use objects other than snail shells for shelters, or use no shelter at all. These hermit crabs tend to be more symmetrical than their shell-using relatives, and those that use no shelters are also often "carcinized"; that is, the abdomen is reduced and tucked under a wide, heavily armored carapace. Such crabs may not be recognized as hermit crabs, but may instead be wrongly placed in other crab groups. The lack of a reliable phylogenetic history has made it impossible to resolve long-standing questions concerning the evolution of shell use, asymmetry and carcinization in hermit crabs. In this collaborative research project, Cliff Cunningham (molecular sequences) and Alan Harvey (morphology) will integrate extensive morphological and molecular data to generate a robust phylogeny for the hermit crabs and their allies (i.e., the Anomura). With this phylogeny, Cunningham and Harvey will determine 1) how many times anomuran crustaceans independently adopted the shell-using habit; 2) whether the carcinized morphology of nonshelter-using hermit crabs evolved from the asymmetrical morphology of shell-using hermit crabs, or vice versa; 3), which features of both the carcinized and asymmetrical morphologies are influenced by the presence and type of shelter used by hermit crabs.

小行星9615461 寄居蟹最出名的是利用空蜗牛壳作为庇护所。大多数将寄居蟹定义为一个群体的形态特征似乎是对不对称盘绕壳的适应。然而，数量惊人的物种使用蜗牛壳以外的物体作为庇护所，或者根本不使用庇护所。这些寄居蟹往往比它们使用外壳的亲戚更对称，那些没有庇护所的寄居蟹也经常被“致癌”;也就是说，腹部缩小并隐藏在一个宽的，重装甲的甲壳下。 这些螃蟹可能不会被认为是寄居蟹，而是可能被错误地放在其他螃蟹群中。 由于缺乏可靠的系统发育史，无法解决有关寄居蟹壳的使用、不对称性和致癌性的长期存在的问题。 在这个合作研究项目中，Cliff Cunningham（分子序列）和Alan Harvey（形态学）将整合广泛的形态学和分子数据，为寄居蟹及其盟友（即，Anomura）。有了这个遗传学，坎宁安和哈维将确定1）有多少次异常甲壳类动物独立地采用了使用贝壳的习惯; 2）不使用庇护所的寄居蟹的致癌形态是否从使用贝壳的寄居蟹的不对称形态进化而来，或者反之亦然; 3）哪些特征的致癌和不对称形态都受到寄居蟹使用的庇护所的存在和类型的影响。