U.S.-JAPAN COOPERATIVE SCIENCE: BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF NORTHERN HEMISPHERE COASTAL FISHES (PHOLIS AND CHIROLOPHIS):

该奖项支持北卡罗来纳州杜克大学Clifford Cunningham教授和日本北海道大学博物馆Hisashi Imamura教授为期一年的合作研究项目。研究人员将对北半球沿海鱼类（栉鱼和栉鱼）的生物地理历史进行研究。他们将使用多位点DNA序列数据（mtDNA d-loop、核a-烯醇化酶和核a-原肌凝蛋白）与形态学数据相结合，研究过去的气候变化和生态变化（垂直深度的变化）是如何影响鳃鱼超科温带岩岸鱼类的物种形成模式和形态进化的（Yatsu 1985）。他们的研究将在日本、威尔士、挪威和冰岛进行。这项研究的发现将阐明我们对温带沿海鱼类物种形成的时间、条件和后果的理解。尽管我们对局限于单一海洋的温带沿岸鱼类物种形成的原因知之甚少，但DNA序列数据有能力区分不同的异域物种形成解释以及引起垂直深度变化的解释。该项目汇集了两个具有互补专业知识和研究能力的实验室的努力。美国研究人员在许多被研究的鱼类种类方面都有专长，而日本研究人员是日本最重要的潮间带鱼类专家。研究结果可能表明，目前温带海洋沿岸鱼类群落的物种多样性主要是地球在过去10万年中周期性和极端气候变化的结果。这意味着，气候变化带来的海洋学条件的变化，即使是在浮游生物幼虫的基因流动中，也可能将海洋分类群的同种种群分开。该研究还表明，沿海鱼类的物种形成与新栖息地深度的入侵有关，例如潮下物种入侵潮间带，随后在两种种内生态型之间进行生殖隔离。这项研究将为两国共同努力提供一个很好的机会。通过思想和技术的交流，该项目将扩大我们的基础知识基础，促进国际了解与合作。一名研究生也将参与这项研究。研究人员计划通过网络、出版物和会议报告来发布他们的研究结果。

0203094CunninghamThis award supports a one-year collaborative research project between Professor Clifford Cunningham at Duke University in North Carolina and Professor Hisashi Imamura at the Hokkaido University Museum in Japan. The researchers will undertake a study of the biogeographic history of northern hemisphere coastal fishes (pholis and chirolophis). They will use multi-locus DNA sequence data (mtDNA d-loop, nuclear a-enolase, and nuclear a-tropomyosin) in conjunction with morphological data to investigate how past climate changes and ecological shifts (changes in vertical depth) have affected patterns of speciation and morphological evolution in temperate rocky coastal fishes of the superfamily Stichaeidae (Yatsu 1985). Their research will be undertaken in Japan, Wales, Norway and Iceland. The findings of this study will illuminate our understanding of the timing, conditions and consequences of speciation in temperate coastal fishes. Although we know little about the causes of speciation in temperate coastal fishes that are restricted to a single ocean, DNA sequence data has the ability to distinguish between different allopatric speciation explanations as well as explanations that invoke changes in vertical depth. The project brings together the efforts of two laboratories that have complementary expertise and research capabilities. The U.S. researchers have expertise in many of the fish species being studied and the Japanese researcher is Japan's foremost intertidal fish specialist. Results of the research could suggest that the present species diversity found in temperate marine coastal fish assemblages is largely the result of the Earth's periodic and extreme climate changes of the last 10 Mya. This would mean that changes in oceanographic conditions brought on by climate changes could have separated conspecific populations of marine taxa, even in the face of gene flow via planktonic larvae. The research could also suggest that speciation in coastal fishes was associated with invasions of new habitat depths, such as a subtidal species invading the intertidal with subsequent reproductive isolation between the two intraspecific ecotypes. The research will offer a good opportunity to join efforts between the two countries. Through the exchange of ideas and technology, this project will broaden our base of basic knowledge and promote international understanding and cooperation. A graduate student will also be participating in the research. The researchers plan to distribute the results of their findings through the Web, publications and presentations at conferences.