Phylogenetic Relationships and Skeletomuscular Evolution of the Arachnids

蜘蛛纲动物的系统发育关系和骨骼肌进化

• 批准号: 9615526
• 负责人: Jeffrey Shultz
• 金额: $ 6.36万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-01-15 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9615526&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogenetic; Relationships; Skeletomuscular; Evolution; Arachnids

9615526 SHULTZ Arthropods (spiders, crabs, insects and their relatives) have a long and complex history (phylogeny), and the greatest diversity in shape and form of all the animal groups. In order to better understand how these complex, and often economically important, animals actually work, it is important to know how they are put together; it is especially important to know how muscles are attached to the hardened outer surface (exoskeleton) of each animal, forming Oskeletomuscular complexesO that permit the animals to move, feed, and reproduce. Certain skeletomuscular complexes may have occurred only once in the histories of arthropods; others, which may look alike and function in a similar way, may have appeared in several different places in the arthropod phylogenetic tree. However, since not enough information has yet been obtained to determine the true phylogeny of arthropod groups, it is, at present, difficult to assess whether particular skeletomuscular complexes appeared once or more than once in arthropod history. In this study, Jeffrey W. Schultz will examine the details of skeletomuscular complex structures in a major group of arthropods, the arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites and their relatives). He will use skeletomuscular characters, both alone and with molecular sequence data, to reconstruct the phylogeny of the arachnids, and will then use the phylogeny to estimate when, how, and how often particular skeletomuscular complexes appeared in arachnids, and how these complexes changed, in form and function, throughout the history of these animals. It is expected that this analysis will solve long-standing problems in the phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of an important group of arthropods.

小行星9615526 节肢动物（蜘蛛，螃蟹，昆虫及其亲属）有着悠久而复杂的历史（进化史），并且在所有动物群体中具有最大的形状和形式多样性。 为了更好地了解这些复杂的，而且往往具有重要经济意义的动物实际上是如何工作的，重要的是要知道它们是如何组合在一起的;特别重要的是要知道肌肉是如何附着在每个动物的硬化外表面（外骨骼）上的，形成骨肌复合体，使动物能够移动，进食和繁殖。 某些骨骼肌复合体在节肢动物的历史中可能只出现过一次;其他的，可能看起来很相似，功能也很相似，可能出现在节肢动物系统发育树的几个不同的地方。 然而，由于还没有足够的信息来确定真正的节肢动物群的发生，它是，目前，很难评估是否特定的骨骼肌复合体出现一次或多次在节肢动物的历史。 在这项研究中，Jeffrey W. Schultz将研究节肢动物的主要类群--蛛形纲动物（蜘蛛、蝎子、螨及其亲属）的骨骼肌复合体结构的细节。 他将使用骨骼肌特征，无论是单独的还是与分子序列数据一起，来重建蛛形纲动物的进化史，然后使用进化史来估计特定的骨骼肌复合体在蛛形纲动物中出现的时间、方式和频率，以及这些复合体在这些动物的整个历史中在形式和功能上如何变化。 预计这一分析将解决长期存在的问题，在一个重要的组节肢动物的生殖发育和进化形态。