CAREER: Evolution of the Locomotor Apparatus in Arthropods

职业：节肢动物运动装置的进化

• 批准号: 9733777
• 负责人: Jeffrey Shultz
• 金额: $ 32.5万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-02-01 至 2003-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9733777&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Evolution; Locomotor; Apparatus; Arthropods

Shultz 9733777 The arthropods (arachnids, crustaceans, insects, centipedes, etc.) are a very ancient and diverse group of animals that use many different methods of locomotion. In all cases, locomotion depends on the efficient interaction of two systems, namely, a skeletomuscular system that provides the mechanical structures used in propulsion and a neuromuscular system that controls the timing of movements. Recent research on a wide range of animals suggests that evolution in the skeletomuscular system is relatively fast and evolution of the neuromuscular system is relatively slow. The PI will test this idea by examining relative rates of evolution in skeletomuscular and neuromuscular features of the locomotor mechanisms of two arthropod groups, the chelicerates (spiders, scorpions, etc.) and the centipedes. This will be accomplished by mapping skeletomuscular and neuromuscular features on phylogenetic trees and determining the relative placement of the two types of characters in evolutionary history. Fast-evolving characters are expected to appear near the ends of the branches in the tree, while the slowevolving features are expected to appear near the base. The results of the project may show that there are general patterns in the evolution of form and function.

Shultz 9733777节肢动物（蛛网，甲壳类动物，昆虫，cent等）是一种非常古老而多样的动物，它们使用许多不同的运动方法。在所有情况下，运动都取决于两个系统的有效相互作用，即骨骼肌系统，该系统提供了用于推进的机械结构和控制运动时间的神经肌肉系统。对广泛动物的最新研究表明，骨骼肌系统中的进化相对较快，而神经肌肉系统的进化相对较慢。 PI将通过检查两个节肢动物组的运动机制的骨骼肌肉和神经肌肉特征的相对进化率，即螯合物（蜘蛛，蝎子等）和cent。这将通过在系统发育树上绘制骨骼肌和神经肌肉特征来实现，并确定进化史上两种字符的相对位置。预计快速发展的字符将出现在树上的树枝的末端附近，而慢速变换功能有望在基地附近出现。该项目的结果可能表明形式和功能的演变中存在一般模式。