Implementation Issues of Structural Control for Near Field Earthquakes: Hardware Malfunction and Saturation

9615731贾巴里该项目将解决与城市地震灾害缓解的主动控制相关的关键实施问题，特别是近场地震引起的激励。这些问题包括硬件故障和执行器饱和，这些问题出现在基于性能的控制系统设计中。最近北岭和神户的近场地震引起了人们对被动基础隔震系统(如橡胶支座隔震)和主动/混合保护系统的应用的极大关注。近场地震的特点，包括意外的大峰值地面加速度和激波类型的时程，可能会使被动隔震系统和主动/混合保护系统无效甚至有害。在主动控制系统的实现中，由于不经常使用或由于冲击型激励，例如近场地震，可能会发生硬件故障，例如执行器或传感器。由于任何执行器的能力有限，以及地震激励的随机性，执行器可能会变得饱和，特别是在近场地震下。此外，还需要仔细研究降低结构响应峰值的鲁棒控制器设计问题。该项目将尝试建立控制设计方法，以确保在存在潜在的硬件故障和执行器饱和的情况下具有高性能。所获得的性能明显取决于硬件的可靠性(或故障)特性、执行器能力和设计地震。因此，对实施主动控制系统的成本和收益进行评估成为可能。最后，将利用加州大学欧文分校最先进的振动台进行全面的实验测试，以验证和演示所提出的技术的有效性。我们技术方法的一个显著特点是，所有要解决的问题，包括硬件系统故障、执行器饱和、峰值响应降低和系统健壮性，都可以在一个统一和全面的框架内制定。因此，该项目的主要目的可以概括为开发一种全面的控制设计方法，该方法将在执行器/传感器故障方面提供可靠性，在执行器饱和的情况下提供高性能，降低稳健性和峰值响应，以及实验验证和评估。***

9615731 Jabbari This project will address critical implementation issues associated with active control for urban seismic hazard mitigation, particularly excitations due to near-field earthquakes. These issues include hardware malfunction and actuator saturation, which arise in the performance-based design of control systems. The recent near-field earthquakes of Northridge and Kobe have raised great concerns regarding the applications of both passive base isolation systems (such as rubber-bearing isolators) and active/hybrid protective systems. The characteristics of near field earthquakes, including unexpected large peak ground acceleration and shock-type time histories, may render both passive isolation systems and active/hybrid protective systems ineffective or even detrimental. In the implementation of active control systems possible malfunction of hardware, such as actuators or sensors, may occur due to the infrequent use or due to shock-type excitations, such as that of near-field earthquakes. Due to the limited capacity of any actuator, as well as the random nature of earthquake excitations, the actuator may become saturated, particularly under the near-field earthquakes. Further the robust controller design for the reduction of peak structural response needs to be carefully addressed. This project will attempt to establish control design methods that guarantee high performance in the presence of potential hardware malfunction and actuator saturation. The performance obtained depends explicitly on the reliability (or malfunction) characteristics of hardware, actuator capabilities and the design earthquake. Consequently, the evaluation of costs and benefits for implementing an active control system becomes possible. Finally, a comprehensive experimental test program will be conducted suing the state-of- the-art shaking table at the University of California-Irvine to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. A di stinguished feature of our technical approach is that all the issues to be addressed, including the malfunction of hardware systems, actuator saturation, peak response reduction and system robustness, can be formulated in a unified and comprehensive framework. The main thrust of the project can thus be summarized as developing a comprehensive control design methodology that will provide reliability with respect to actuator/sensor malfunction, high performance with actuator saturation, robustness and peak response reduction, and experimental verification and evaluation. ***