Effects of Selection on Offspring Viabilities

选择对后代生存能力的影响

• 批准号: 9616204
• 负责人: Lee Drickamer
• 金额: $ 7.21万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-15 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9616204&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Selection; Offspring; Viabilities

ABSTRACT PI: Gowaty PROPOSAL NUMBERS 9631801 The hypothesis that the research is designed to test is that female choice of mates for traits that affect the viabilities of females offspring affects females preferences for particular mates even in social systems in which females seem unable to chose or in which females options are ecologically or socially modified. Social behavior that can interfere with a female s ability to achieve mating \s with her preferred partners include male- male- interactions female-female s interactions, and interactions between the female and those males that attempt to manipulate or modify her choice via forced copulation, aggressive conditioning, affiliative conditioning, or brokering of food resources in exchange for matings. The research is specifically designed to test the generality of this hypothesis and will include comparisons of outcomes from nearly identical experimental protocols on six well- known and frequently studied species representing phylongenetically diverse taxa. This research is collaborative and cooperative. It will include experiments on laboratory populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophilia hydei at the university of Georgia, guppies, Poecilea reticulata, at Trondheim University Cockroaches, Nauphoeta cinerea, at the University of Kentucky, mallards, Anas platyrhynchos at the Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station, and wild house mice, Mus musculus, at the University of Southern Illinois at Carbondale. The research protocol involves exposing females to sets of males, which researchers will pick at random with respect to phenotypic variation of individuals from populations consisting of virgin males from diverse sources. Test females will demonstrate preferences in choice arenas. After Establishing her preferred mate, half of the test females will be placed in breeding chambers with preferred males and half with non preferred. The viability (surv ival to adulthood or independence) of offspring from several types of control manipulations including those from an identical series of male choice trials. The significance of this research lies in the rarity of studies of the effects of freely expressed mate choice by females or males on offspring viability or quality. It will be the first to evaluate 1) the theoretical assumption that the effects of female choice outweigh the effects of male choice for species with typical post-fertilization investments in offspring: 2. the prediction that for a species (D. hydei) with relatively equal post-fertilization investments that male and female choice are equally important to offspring viability; 3. how viabilities of offspring vary under freely- expressed mate choice (By females and males) compared to non preferred matings; and 4. differences in offspring viability as a function of whether matings are managed or represent choices made by freely-acting individuals.

本研究旨在验证的一个假设是，即使在女性似乎无法选择或女性选择受到生态或社会影响的社会系统中，女性对影响其后代生存能力的特征的配偶选择也会影响女性对特定配偶的偏好。干扰雌性与首选伴侣交配能力的社会行为包括雄性与雄性之间的互动，雌性与雌性之间的互动，以及雌性与那些试图通过强迫交配、攻击性条件反射、附属条件反射或为交配交换食物资源来操纵或改变雌性选择的雄性之间的互动。这项研究是专门设计来测试这一假设的普遍性，并将包括对六个众所周知的和经常被研究的物种的几乎相同的实验方案的结果进行比较，这些物种代表了系统进化上的多样性。这项研究是协同合作的。它将包括佐治亚大学的伪果蝇、特隆赫姆大学的孔雀鱼、特隆赫姆大学的孔雀鱼、肯塔基大学的蟑螂、肯塔基大学的绿头鸭、三角洲水禽和湿地研究站的鸭嘴兽，以及卡本代尔南伊利诺伊大学的野生家鼠小家鼠。研究方案包括将雌性暴露于一组雄性，研究人员将从不同来源的处女雄性组成的种群中随机挑选个体的表型变异。被试雌性会在选择领域表现出偏好。在确定了她的首选伴侣后，一半的测试雌性将与首选雄性一起被放置在繁殖室中，另一半则与非首选雄性一起。后代在不同类型的控制操作下的生存能力（存活到成年或独立），包括来自同一系列雄性选择试验的控制操作。这项研究的意义在于，很少有关于雌性或雄性自由表达配偶选择对后代生存能力或质量影响的研究。这将是第一个评估1)理论假设，即雌性选择的影响大于雄性选择的影响，对于具有典型的受精后后代投资的物种；预测在受精后投资相对相等的物种中，雄性和雌性的选择对后代的生存能力同样重要；3. 与非偏好交配相比，在自由表达的配偶选择（雌性和雄性）下，后代的生存能力如何变化；和4。后代生存能力的差异取决于交配是经过管理的还是由自由行为的个体做出的选择。