Tunneling and Transport in Ordered and Disordered Superconductors

对二维超导薄膜的研究使我们能够接触到当代凝聚态物理学中几个重要的范式，包括超导体-绝缘体跃迁、涡旋的量子隧穿和Abrikosov涡旋的其他量子特性。这项工作的标志是将参数空间扩展到非常低的温度和非常高的磁场。超导体-绝缘体跃迁的工作重点将是解决这种跃迁是由玻色子-哈伯德模型的一种变体所控制，还是由于排斥电子-电子相互作用的紊乱而减少筛选的结果。对涡旋量子隧穿的研究应该揭示涡旋动力学的新特征，特别是它们的行为在多大程度上可以从根本上是量子力学的。对涡旋量子特性的其他研究，包括量子涡旋晶格熔化、量子霍尔效应的超导类似物和涡旋散粒噪声的研究，将有助于二维电子传递和超导性的连贯图像。二维超导体的研究影响了当代凝聚态物理学的重要范式，包括超导体-绝缘体跃迁，以及涡旋的量子隧穿，这是Abrikosov涡旋的重要动力学性质。对二维模型问题和模型系统的研究，除了其内在的科学兴趣外，将有助于我们对高tc超导机制的认识，并有助于我们对涡旋动力学的理解。涡旋的动力学，存在于超导体在磁场中，是感兴趣的，因为涡旋运动引起耗散。超导带来电气和电子技术变革的前景与减少耗散有关。了解高温超导的机理将有助于寻找新材料。对涡流运动对性能的基本限制的理解将有助于我们理解可能限制超导体技术用途的因素。＊＊＊

9623477 Goldman The study of two dimensional superconducting films allows access to several important paradigms in contemporary Condensed Matter Physics including the superconductor-insulator transition, the quantum tunneling of vortices, and other quantum properties of Abrikosov vortices. The hallmark of the work is the extension of the parameter space to very low temperatures and very high magnetic fields. The focus of work on the superconductor-insulator transition will be on resolving whether the transition is governed by a variant of the Boson- Hubbard model or, is a consequence of decreased screening by disorder of the repulsive electron-electron interaction. The work on quantum tunneling of vortices should reveal new features of the dynamics of vortices, in particular the extent to which their behavior can be fundamentally quantum mechanical. The other investigations of quantum properties of vortices, including studies of quantum vortex lattice melting, superconducting analogs of the quantum Hall effect, and vortex shot noise will contribute to a coherent picture of electron transport and superconductivity in two dimensions. %%% The study of two dimensional superconductors impacts important paradigms in contemporary Condensed Matter Physics including the superconductor-insulator transition, and the quantum tunneling of vortices, an important dynamical property of Abrikosov vortices. The investigation of model problems and model systems in two dimensions, in addition to their intrinsic scientific interest, will contribute to our knowledge of the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity, and to our understanding of vortex dynamics. The dynamics of vortices, which exist in superconductors in magnetic fields, are of interest because vortex motion causes dissipation. The promise of superconductivity to bring about changes in electrical and electronic technology is connect ed with reduced dissipation. The understanding of the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity will aid in the search for new materials. The understanding of the fundamental limits on performance resulting from vortex motion will contribute to our understanding of factors which could limit the technological usefulness of superconductors. ***