Passive and Active Factors in Branchiation Mechanics

分支力学中的被动和主动因素

• 批准号: 9706225
• 负责人: John E. Bertram
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-01 至 1999-08-20
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9706225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Passive; Active; Factors; Branchiation; Mechanics

Previous research led to the development of a piece of equipment, a transducer, to directly measure dynamic force applied by gibbons and chimpanzees during locomotion by brachiation. The transducer made it possible to determine that gibbons use a unique mechanical strategy for conserving energy during high speed brachiation. Coordinated exchange of two kinds of kinetic energy, translational and rotational, is involved in this locomotor strategy. This newly discovered mechanical exchange strategy appears to be a critical component of true brachiation. The present project extends the previous research to quantify the passive and active muscular factors that allow this critical energy exchange. Using the same analytical techniques, the processes of acceleration and deceleration in brachiation will also be studied. The white-handed gibbon will be compared to the chimpanzee to determine the differences in detailed functional capability and mechanical strategies employed by each species during brachiation. The new understanding of the mechanical basis of brachiation that will result from this project will permit the determination of the functional limitations and critical design criteria that allow animals to utilize this mode of locomotion. Comparison of the gibbon to the less specialized chimpanzee will add detailed information on the factors responsible for the production of the brachiation repertoire and its anatomical underpinnings. This is important for the analysis of locomotion strategies in extant species, and also critical to the evaluation of the functional capabilities of fossil remains.

先前的研究导致了一种设备的开发，一种传感器，直接测量长臂猿和黑猩猩在臂式运动过程中施加的动态力。该传感器可以确定长臂猿在高速臂动过程中使用独特的机械策略来保存能量。这种运动策略涉及平移和旋转两种动能的协调交换。这种新发现的机械交换策略似乎是真正的臂化作用的关键组成部分。本项目扩展了以前的研究，以量化被动和主动肌肉因素，使这种关键的能量交换。利用同样的分析技术，也将研究臂化中的加速和减速过程。白掌的长臂猿将比较黑猩猩，以确定详细的功能能力和机械策略的差异，每一个物种在臂。从这个项目中产生的对臂式运动的机械基础的新理解将允许确定允许动物利用这种运动模式的功能限制和关键设计标准。通过将长臂猿与不太专业化的黑猩猩进行比较，我们可以更详细地了解产生臂化功能的因素及其解剖学基础。这对于分析现存物种的运动策略非常重要，对于评估化石遗骸的功能能力也至关重要。