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Challenge of promoting effective financial inclusion: an investigation of factors that lead to active use of financial services & improved livelihoods

促进有效普惠金融的挑战：对导致积极使用金融服务的因素的调查

基本信息

批准号：
1786832
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Bath
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1786832
关键词：
Challenge promoting effective financial inclusion

项目摘要

Summary: A growing literature shows financial inclusion can have a significant positive effect for individuals: access to financial services helps individuals mitigate risk & absorb shocks, make key investments in education & health, & start & expand businesses. However, mere access to financial services is not enough to obtain these positive effects; households need to actually use these services. Using qualitative & quantitative methods, I intend to analyze how public authorities are fostering the use of financial services, & how they can do so in the future. The question remains, beyond the initial account opening, how can public policies & programs increase the use of accounts & financial products among the banked? Can policies & programs also provide incentives to poor households to use their accounts? What are the bottlenecks to financial products & services usage: inadequate policies? Insufficient financial capability of the households? Lack of appropriate technology solutions? High costs for clients & suppliers? The objective of this research is to assess if & how the regulatory frameworks in place, by affecting these elements, have an effect on the use of financial products in a country. I also intend to conduct case studies on public initiatives towards electronic G2P payments & other programs implemented to expand financial inclusion, to understand if & why they lead to a greater use of financial products. Methodology: This work is divided in three steps & includes both qualitative & quantitative analysis. Research pillar I: I aim to start by discussing the financial inclusion strategies conducted in a large sample of low-income countries. This includes the analysis of the long-term financial institutions in place, the policies implemented, & the evolution of the access & usage of financial services. Understanding the historical financial inclusion efforts in diverse developing countries can be a rich source of knowledge for future policies. Some of the guiding questions (non-exhaustive list) are adapted from Thorsten Beck's (2013) report on financial development: What are institutions & policies that were/are most relevant for financial inclusion, & FS usage in particular? Is there a sequence for financial inclusion policies implementation? What long-term socio-economic factors can help explain both supply & demand for financial services (FS)? Following this analysis, I will construct a regulatory index based on work by Gutierriez & Singh (2013). The adapted indicator will include new dimensions: financial literacy initiatives; existence of different types of financial actors, existence of basic/low-fee accounts, electronic G2P payments etc. Research pillar II: I will conduct case studies in developing countries examining recent public initiatives towards financial inclusion & their effects on use of financial services. Through studying these initiatives I will seek to identify: *If these schemes led to the opening of the new "first accounts" or if the beneficiaries already had a formal bank account; * How they use their account: do they use it only for the program, or for other operations too; if they have accessed new banking products since they joined the scheme *If they want/wanted to have access to specific financial services, & they know how to do so through their bank account etc, *How to enhance account usage & financial products access through the implementation of this scheme. In India 2 initiatives will be studied: Direct Benefit Transfer (PaHal) for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), & Eshakti Initiative on the digitization of Self-Help Groups (SHG). Analysis of primary data collected through surveys, analysis of secondary data, & adequate review of literature will be conducted to respond to all research points & formulate recommendations. Data collection & analysis will be organized with Institute for Financial Management & Research, Chennai, India where I've previously worked. OFA/DLT will be requested.

总结：越来越多的文献表明，金融包容性可以对个人产生重大的积极影响：获得金融服务可以帮助个人减轻风险和吸收冲击，在教育和健康方面进行关键投资，以及创办和扩大企业。然而，仅仅获得金融服务还不足以取得这些积极效果;家庭需要实际使用这些服务。我打算使用定性和定量方法分析公共当局如何促进金融服务的使用，以及他们未来如何做到这一点。问题仍然存在，除了最初的账户开立，公共政策和计划如何增加银行账户和金融产品的使用？政策和方案是否也能激励贫困家庭使用其账户？金融产品和服务使用的瓶颈是什么：政策不足？家庭经济能力不足？缺乏适当的技术解决方案？客户和供应商的高成本？本研究的目的是评估现有的监管框架是否以及如何通过影响这些因素对一个国家的金融产品的使用产生影响。我还打算对电子G2 P支付的公共倡议和其他旨在扩大金融包容性的计划进行案例研究，以了解它们是否以及为什么会导致更多地使用金融产品。方法：这项工作分为三个步骤，包括定性和定量分析。研究支柱一：我打算首先讨论在大量低收入国家样本中实施的金融包容性战略。这包括分析现有的长期金融机构，实施的政策以及金融服务的获取和使用的演变。了解不同发展中国家在金融包容性方面的历史努力，可以为今后的政策提供丰富的知识来源。一些指导性问题（非详尽清单）摘自Thorsten Beck（2013年）关于金融发展的报告：哪些机构和政策与金融包容性最相关，特别是金融服务的使用？金融包容性政策的执行是否有先后顺序？哪些长期社会经济因素有助于解释金融服务的供求关系？在此分析之后，我将根据Gutierriez & Singh（2013）的工作构建一个监管指数。调整后的指标将包括新的方面：金融扫盲举措;不同类型金融行为体的存在，基本/低费用账户的存在，G2 P电子支付等。通过研究这些倡议，我将设法确定：* 这些计划是否导致开设新的“第一账户”，或者受益人是否已经有一个正式的银行账户; * 他们如何使用他们的账户：他们是否只用于该计划，还是也用于其他业务;自参加计划以来，他们是否曾使用新的银行产品 * 如果他们希望/曾希望使用特定的金融服务，他们知道如何通过他们的银行账户等来做到这一点，* 如何通过实施这一计划来提高账户使用率和金融产品的访问。在印度，将研究两项倡议：液化石油气（LPG）的直接利益转移（PaHal）和自助团体（SHG）数字化的Eshakti倡议。将对通过调查收集的原始数据进行分析，对二手数据进行分析，并对文献进行充分审查，以回应所有研究点并提出建议。数据收集和分析将由我以前工作过的印度金奈金融管理研究所组织。将要求OFA/DLT。