Similarity Eyewitness Identification and Models of Recognition Memory

摘要克拉克9709620这项研究将人类记忆的理论发展扩展到目击者识别领域。广义全局匹配模型被用来检验在刑事调查中用于识别嫌疑人的阵容和展示程序中的相似性效应。使用标准实验室程序和阶段性犯罪方法的12个实验被使用。现有的研究表明，当人们在相似的选择之间做出选择时，识别比在无关的选择中选择时更准确。该项目的第一批研究将这一发现扩展到面部刺激，反应选项包括“两个都有”或“都不是”，而不是强迫选择。对决表现和阵容表现将在另一项研究中进行比较。测试了为测试嫌疑人匹配策略可能会通过增加对无辜嫌疑人的错误识别的可能性而产生适得其反的命题的阵容选择干扰物的策略，以及应根据其与犯罪者的描述而不是其与嫌疑人的相似性来选择干扰物的建议。研究了其他特征，例如干扰项的相似性以及高相似性干扰项被错误识别或拒绝的情况。他的工作结果将对刑事司法系统有用，并将扩大我们对证人如何从阵容和对峙中辨认身份的了解。此外，他们将把认同研究置于更广泛的理论框架内。这项研究将人类记忆的理论发展扩展到目击者识别领域。广义全局匹配模型被用来检验在刑事调查中用于识别嫌疑人的阵容和展示程序中的相似性效应。使用标准实验室程序和阶段性犯罪方法的12个实验被使用。现有的研究表明，当人们在相似的备选方案中进行选择时，比在无关的备选方案中进行选择时，识别更加准确。该项目的第一批研究将这一发现扩展到面部刺激，反应选项包括“两个都有”或“都不是”，而不是强迫选择。对决表现和阵容表现将在另一项研究中进行比较。测试了为测试嫌疑人匹配策略可能会通过增加对无辜嫌疑人的错误识别的可能性而产生适得其反的命题的阵容选择干扰物的策略，以及应根据其与犯罪者的描述而不是其与嫌疑人的相似性来选择干扰物的建议。研究了其他特征，例如干扰项的相似性以及高相似性干扰项被错误识别或拒绝的情况。他的工作结果将对刑事司法系统有用，并将扩大我们对证人如何从阵容和对峙中辨认身份的了解。此外，他们将把身份识别研究置于更广泛的理论框架内。***

Abstract Clark 9709620 This research extends theoretical development in human memory to the area of eyewitness identification. A generalized global matching model is used to examine similarity effects in lineup and showup procedures used to identify suspects in criminal investigations. Twelve experiments using standard laboratory procedures and staged-crime methods are used. Extant research shows that recognition is more accurate when people choose between similar alternatives than when they choose between unrelated alternatives. The first studies of this project extend that finding to facial stimuli and with response alternatives that include "both" or "neither" rather than a forced-choice. Showup performance and lineup performance will be compared in another study. Strategies for selecting distractors for lineups that test the proposition that suspect-matching strategies may backfire by increasing the likelihood of false identification of innocent suspects and a proposal that distractors should be selected based on their fit to a description of the perpetrator rather than their similarity to a suspect are tested. Additional features such as the similarity of a distractor and the circumstances in which high-similarity distractors are falsely recognized or rejected are examined. The results of his work will be useful to criminal justice system and will extend our knowledge of how witnesses make identifications from lineups and showups. In addition, they will place identification research within a broader theoretical framework. %%% This research extends theoretical development in human memory to the area of eyewitness identification. A generalized global matching model is used to examine similarity effects in lineup and showup procedures used to identify suspects in criminal investigations. Twelve experiments using standard laboratory procedures and staged-crime methods are used. Extant research shows that recognition is more accurate when people choose between similar alte rnatives than when they choose between unrelated alternatives. The first studies of this project extend that finding to facial stimuli and with response alternatives that include "both" or "neither" rather than a forced-choice. Showup performance and lineup performance will be compared in another study. Strategies for selecting distractors for lineups that test the proposition that suspect-matching strategies may backfire by increasing the likelihood of false identification of innocent suspects and a proposal that distractors should be selected based on their fit to a description of the perpetrator rather than their similarity to a suspect are tested. Additional features such as the similarity of a distractor and the circumstances in which high-similarity distractors are falsely recognized or rejected are examined. The results of his work will be useful to criminal justice system and will extend our knowledge of how witnesses make identifications from lineups and showups. In addition, they will place identification research within a broader theoretical framework.. ***