Mobility, Inequality, and Growth in a Changing Technological Environment

不断变化的技术环境中的流动性、不平等和增长

• 批准号: 9709941
• 负责人: Oded Galor
• 金额: $ 14.59万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9709941&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mobility; Inequality; Growth; Changing; Technological

This project will analyze the relationship between technological progress, earnings inequality, the transmission of inequality across generations, and economic growth. The research will assert that the interplay between technological progress and several components that determine individual earnings - specific and general human capital and individual ability - governs the evolutionary pattern of wage inequality, intergenerational earnings mobility, the pace of technological progress, and economic growth The research will demonstrate that in periods of major technological inventions individual ability is the dominating factor and earnings inequality rises. The decline in the relative importance of acquired initial conditions (i.e., the driving force behind the persistence of inequality) enhances mobility and generates a larger concentration of individuals with high levels of ability and human capital in technologically advanced sectors, stimulating further technological progress and future economic growth. Once existing technologies become more accessible, the specific human capital is the dominating factor, mobility is diminished and inequality declines but becomes more persistent. The reduction in the concentration of human capital in technologically advanced sectors diminishes the likelihood of major technological breakthroughs and slows down future economic growth. User friendliness, therefore, becomes unfriendly to future economic growth. The research will explore an unexamined relationship between technological progress and earnings inequality. It will suggest that the life cycle of technology governs the evolution of earnings inequality. Initially, inventions increase the return to skills, but as technology becomes more accessible the return to skills declines. In addition, the research will contribute to the literature on income distribution and growth, and technological progress and economic growth. It will explore a novel technological link in the relationship between inequality and economic growth, demonstrating the role of inequality in the determination of output growth via its effect on mobility, the allocation of talents across occupations, and the frequency of technological breakthroughs. Furthermore, the research will examine the role of technological progress in allocating high-ability individuals into technologically advanced sectors in which growth-enhancing technologies are developed.

本项目将分析技术进步、收入不平等、不平等的代际传递和经济增长之间的关系。 这项研究将断言，技术进步和决定个人收入的几个组成部分--具体和一般人力资本和个人能力--之间的相互作用决定了工资不平等的演变模式、代际收入流动性、技术进步的步伐，研究将表明，在重大技术发明时期，个人能力是主导因素，收入不平等加剧。 获得的初始条件的相对重要性下降（即，不平等现象持续存在的驱动力）提高了流动性，使能力和人力资本水平高的个人更多地集中在技术先进的部门，从而刺激进一步的技术进步和未来的经济增长。 一旦现有技术变得更容易获得，特定的人力资本就会成为主导因素，流动性就会减少，不平等现象就会减少，但会变得更加持久。 人力资本集中在技术先进部门的程度降低，降低了重大技术突破的可能性，并减缓了未来的经济增长。 因此，用户友好性对未来的经济增长变得不友好。 这项研究将探讨技术进步和收入不平等之间未经检验的关系。 它将表明，技术的生命周期控制着收入不平等的演变。最初，发明增加了技能回报，但随着技术变得更容易获得，技能回报下降。 此外，这项研究将有助于收入分配和增长，技术进步和经济增长的文献。 它将探索不平等与经济增长之间关系的新技术联系，通过其对流动性的影响，人才在职业中的分配以及技术突破的频率来展示不平等在决定产出增长方面的作用。 此外，这项研究将审查技术进步在将高能力个人分配到开发促进增长技术的技术先进部门方面的作用。