Dissertation Research: Joseph Dalton Hooker's Scientific Exploration in India

约瑟夫道尔顿胡克成为最有影响力的英国博物学家的十九世纪：他进行了令人印象深刻的分类学和植物地理学研究，担任邱园主任和皇家学会和BAAS的主席，为查尔斯达尔文的进化论提供了开创性的植物学建议，与欧洲众多杰出的科学权威保持着密切的个人关系，并在业余自然科学家转变为专业公务员的过程中发挥了核心作用。 然而，尽管他杰出的职业生涯，他没有举行他的第一个永久专业科学的立场，直到三个星期前，他的38岁生日。 本研究将考察他在1845年（当地政治使他失去了成为爱丁堡植物学教授的机会）和1855年（当时 他最终在基尤获得了助理主任的职位），这一时期以在印度进行三年半的科学探索为基础。 它将追溯他的经验，因为他导航多样的，社会的，文化的，和物理地形在他的日常生活的实践中，揭示他的方法获取自然知识，他如何将这些知识传达给同事和公众，是什么赢得了他的声誉，他必须做什么来提供生活收入，以及他如何协调科学和家庭生活。 所涉及的史学问题将包括自然史中“传统”的重要性、实地和博物馆工作中科学权威的分配、专业化和机构建设的作用、科学代表的方法和目的、科学与帝国主义之间的关系、大都市与外围之间的关系，以及妇女的地位，更严格地说是妻子的地位。在维多利亚时代的科学中。 胡克在印度生活的十年为我们提供了一个绝佳的机会，来描绘一个雄心勃勃、才华横溢、多才多艺、但在专业上缺乏安全感的年轻自然主义者如何在维多利亚时代的英国谈判他的身份，并反过来揭示了在一个独特的社会和文化变革时期科学的特点。

Joseph Dalton Hooker became one of the most influential British naturalists of the nineteenth century: he produced impressive taxonomic and phytogeographical research, served as director of Kew Gardens and president of both the Royal Society and the BAAS, provided seminal botanical advice for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, enjoyed close personal relationships with numerous preeminent scientific authorities throughout Europe, and played a central role in the transformation of the amateur natural scientist into the professional civil servant. Yet despite his distinguished career, he did not hold his first permanent professional scientific position until three weeks before his thirty-eighth birthday. This study will examine his life during the formative, unsettled years of 1845 (when local; politics cost him his bid to become professor of botany at Edinburgh) and 1855 (when he finally achieved assistant directorship at Kew), a period anchored by three-and-a-half years of scientific exploration in India. It will trace his experience as he navigates diverse, social, cultural, and physical terrain in the quotidian practice of his daily life, to uncover his methods for acquiring natural knowledge, how he communicated this knowledge to colleagues and the public, what won his reputation, what he had to do to provide a living income, and the ways he harmonized science and family life. Among the historiographic issues addressed will be the importance of `traditions` within natural history, the apportioning of scientific authority among field and museum work, the role of professionalization and institution-building, the methods and purposes of scientific representation, the relationship between science and imperialism and between metropole and periphery, and the position of women, and more strictly wives, within `manly` Victorian science. The decade surrounding Hooker's time in India provides an excellent opportunity to chart the ways an ambitious, talented and accomplished but professionally insecure young naturalist negotiated his identity in high Victorian Britain, and in turn reveals much about the character of science during a period of distinct social and cultural change.