Organic Reactions and Syntheses in Water Solution

哥伦比亚大学化学系的罗纳德·布雷斯洛教授因研究水溶液中的有机反应和合成而得到有机合成计划的支持。除了在水中而不是有机溶剂中进行化学反应的环境优势外，水还可以影响有机反应的效果。因此，例如，发现Diels Alder反应在水溶液中进行时速度更快，选择性更好。布雷斯洛教授探讨了影响这种化学反应的因素，重点是疏水效应和极性问题。他还利用疏水效应设计了基于环糊精的催化剂，并正在开发其他基于非环糊精的合成结合剂，这些结合剂也依赖于疏水结合。他的合成双功能催化剂允许确定在烯醇化过程中碳的去质子化等反应的首选反应几何构型。在有机合成项目的支持下，哥伦比亚大学化学系的罗纳德·布雷斯洛教授探索了在水中取代传统有机溶剂的化学反应。虽然水的使用提供了明显和显著的环境优势，但它也发挥着核心的化学作用。因此，发现某些化学反应在水溶液中进行时会大大加速，而且它们往往更有选择性地导致特定的产物。这些影响似乎至少部分归因于许多有机分子在水中聚集的趋势，以便使它们与水溶剂的界面最小化。布雷斯洛教授在设计和构建分子时利用了类似的效果，分子在溶液中结合较小的分子，然后对结合的分子进行所需的化学转化，在许多方面模仿酶的功能。这些研究有助于理解控制某些化学反应的因素。

Professor Ronald Breslow, of the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University, is supported by the Organic Synthesis Program for his studies of organic reactions and synthesis in water solution. In addition to the environmental advantages of carrying out chemical reactions in water instead of organic solvents, water can also influence the effectiveness of organic reactions. Thus, for example, the Diels Alder reaction is found to be both faster and more selective when carried out in aqueous solution. Professor Breslow explores the factors influencing such chemical reactions, focusing on hydrophobic effects and on polarity issues. He also exploits the hydrophobic effect in designing cyclodextrin-based catalysts and is developing additional non-cyclodextrin-based synthetic binding agents which also rely on hydrophobic binding. His synthetic bifunctional catalysts permit the determination of the preferred reaction geometries for such reactions as the deprotonation of carbon during enolization. With the support of the Organic Synthesis Program, Professor Ronald Breslow, of the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University, explores chemical reactions in water in place of traditional organic solvents. While the use of water offers clear and significant environmental advantages, it plays a central chemical role as well. Thus, certain chemical reactions are found to be greatly accelerated when carried out in aqueous solution, and they often lead more selectively to specific products. These effects appear to be due, at least in part, to the tendency of many organic molecules to aggregate in water so as to minimize their interfaces with the water solvent. Professor Breslow exploits similar effects in the design and construction of molecules which bind smaller molecules in solution and then carry out desired chemical transformations of the bound molecules, mimicking in many ways the function of enzymes. These studies are leading to an understanding of the factors controlling certain chemical reactions.