Learning and Intelligent Systems: Modeling Learning to Reason with Cases in Engineering Ethics: A Test Domain for Intelligent Assistance

学习与智能系统：利用工程伦理案例对学习进行推理建模：智能辅助的测试领域

• 批准号: 9720341
• 负责人: Kevin Ashley
• 金额: $ 52.49万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-10-01 至 2002-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9720341&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Learning; Intelligent; Systems; Modeling; Reason

9720341 Ashley A clinical ethicist, cognitive psychologist, law professor/computer scientist, and computer scientist/linguist team up to examine how students reason with and learn from case-based texts in the context of a two-term required graduate engineering ethics course. Taught by the clinical ethicist, the course is structured so that students regularly discuss and resolve cases as they are introduced to ethical reasoning and a set of methodological tools developed to aid in the resolution of ethical dilemmas. The overall goal of this research is to help students learn to identify ethical components in practical engineering problems and to enhance their ability to apply the methodological tools and justifications as they resolve the dilemmas. More specifically, the project goals are to (1) examine how engineering students adapt conceptual tools for ethical reasoning as they are introduced to, discuss, and resolve dilemmas presented in the case-based texts; (2) descriptively model this process using a Web-browser-compatible automated drafting environment (ADE) as a data gathering tool; (3) examine how ADE's on-line data base of case-based texts, conveniently accessible in ADE's Web-browser-like drafting environment, can assist this process; (4) explore how to use computational models of the underlying case-based reasoning to enable ADE to provide intelligent assistance in aspects of the process; and (S) evaluate how having access to ADE compliments or interferes with students' developing ability to identify, articulate, analyze and resolve ethical problems. The resulting methodological tool, ADE provides convenient access, for both teacher and student, to an on-line database of textual materials such as methodologies and cases outlined in the required course texts, mid-level principles, professional codes of engineering ethics, decisions of a professional association ethics review board and an existing on-line repository of engi neering ethics cases and commentary. ADE acts like an intelligent assistant engaging students in a dialectical process. It provides an "argument worksheet", a checklist to help the student analyze an ethical problem, case-based access to information for constructing the arguments, and feedback. ADE is evaluated empirically in terms of a cognitive model to be developed in an empirical investigation of case-based learning to solve ill-defined problems. Building ADE also contributes to three main research areas in Artificial Intelligence, Case-Based Reasoning, and Intelligent Tutoring: 1. Case representation and relevance assessment, 2. Planning ethical arguments and explaining those plans, and 3. Recognizing students' solution plans.

9720341阿什利临床伦理学家、认知心理学家、法学教授/计算机科学家和计算机科学家/语言学家组成团队，在为期两个学期的必修研究生工程伦理学课程的背景下，研究学生如何与基于案例的文本进行推理并从中学习。本课程由临床伦理学家教授，课程结构合理，使学生在学习伦理推理和一套有助于解决伦理困境的方法论工具时，定期讨论和解决案例。这项研究的总体目标是帮助学生学习识别实际工程问题中的伦理成分，并提高他们在解决困境时应用方法论工具和理由的能力。更具体地说，该项目的目标是：(1)考察工程学学生在被介绍、讨论和解决基于案例的文本中出现的困境时如何适应伦理推理的概念工具；(2)使用与Web浏览器兼容的自动绘图环境(ADE)作为数据收集工具来描述性地模拟这一过程；(3)检查ADE的基于案例的文本的在线数据库如何辅助这一过程；(4)探索如何使用基本案例推理的计算模型，使ADE能够在过程的各个方面提供智能帮助；以及(S)评估获得ADE对学生识别、表达、分析和解决伦理问题的能力的发展有何好处或干扰。作为最终的方法工具，ADE为教师和学生提供了方便地访问文本材料的在线数据库，例如所需课程文本中概述的方法和案例、中级原则、工程伦理专业准则、专业协会伦理审查委员会的决定和现有的工程伦理案例和评论在线储存库。ADE就像一个聪明的助手，让学生参与到一个辩证的过程中。它提供了一份“论点工作表”，一份帮助学生分析道德问题的核对表，基于案例的信息获取以构建论点，以及反馈。ADE是根据一个认知模型进行经验评估的，该模型将在基于案例的学习的经验调查中开发，以解决定义不明确的问题。构建ADE还有助于人工智能、基于案例的推理和智能辅导的三个主要研究领域：1.案例表示和相关性评估，2.规划伦理论点并解释这些计划，以及3.识别学生的解决方案。