Signaling Pathways in Insect Immunity: The Role of 18-Wheeler

小行星9723899 免疫反应是防止外来生物入侵。 脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的免疫包括快速产生蛋白质来抵抗入侵者。 入侵者的存在通常由受体检测，并且需要信号机制来传递该信息。 免疫系统的细胞释放细胞因子或白细胞介素以响应它们的激活。 白细胞介素受体在被激活时诱导信号转导级联，其激活称为NF-κ B的转录因子家族，其促进免疫应答所需的蛋白质的合成。 白细胞介素R-NfkB通路已在哺乳动物以及果蝇发育和免疫中发现。 该研究将通过观察18-惠勒和Toll受体与NfkB转录因子之间的相互作用，研究IL-R-NfkB信号转导级联在果蝇免疫中的作用。 18个惠勒受体影响抗菌肽的合成，与果蝇的白细胞介素受体和Toll受体具有序列相似性。 Attacin是抗菌基因，其转录在18个惠勒突变体中显著降低，因此将克隆Attacin基因并鉴定其调控所必需的区域。 将鉴定18惠勒受体的胞质结构域中对信号传导至关重要的区域，并且还将检查18惠勒活性与NfkB转录因子的核输入的关系。 本研究将为昆虫免疫系统和免疫应答提供信息。 %%% 免疫反应是所有生物体的基本特征。 许多生物体对感染的反应都有相似之处。 这项研究将使用果蝇，果蝇，研究如何感染细菌导致蛋白质的产生，这些蛋白质可以抵抗外来有害物质。 ***

9723899 Eldon The immune response is protection from invasion by a foreign organism. Vertebrate and invertebrate immunity involve the rapid production of proteins which inactivate the invader. The presence of the invader is detected usually by a receptor, and a signaling mechanism is required to transmit that information. Cells of the immune system release cytokines or interleukins in response to their activation. The interleukin receptor when activated induces a signal transduction cascade which activates a family of transcription factors known as NF-kB, which promote the synthesis of the proteins required for the immune response. The interleukin R-NfkB pathway has been found in mammals as well as in Drosophila development and immunity. The research in this grant will study the role of the IL-R-NFkB signal transduction cascade in Drosophila immunity by looking at the interactions among 18-Wheeler and Toll receptors and the NfkB transcriptions factors. The 18 Wheeler receptors affects the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and has sequence similarity with the interleukin receptor and the Toll receptor of Drosophila. Attacin is the antimicrobial gene the transcription of which is dramatically reduced in 18 Wheeler mutants, so the attacin gene will be cloned and the regions essential for its regulation will be identified. Regions in the cytoplasmic domain be identified of the 18 Wheeler receptor that are critical for signaling will be indentified, and the relation of 18 Wheeler activity to the nuclear import of NfkB transcription factors will also be examined. This research will provide information about the immune system of insects and the immune response. %%% The immune response is an essential feature of all living organisms. Similarities exist in the response of many organisms to infection. This research will use the fruit fly, Drosophila melanagaster, to study how infection by bacteria results in the production of proteins that inactivate foreign deleterious substances. ***