Signaling Pathways in Insect Immunity: The Role of 18-Wheeler

昆虫免疫中的信号通路：18-Wheeler 的作用

• 批准号: 9723899
• 负责人: Elizabeth Eldon
• 金额: $ 34.09万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9723899&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Signaling; Pathways; Insect; Immunity; Role

9723899 Eldon The immune response is protection from invasion by a foreign organism. Vertebrate and invertebrate immunity involve the rapid production of proteins which inactivate the invader. The presence of the invader is detected usually by a receptor, and a signaling mechanism is required to transmit that information. Cells of the immune system release cytokines or interleukins in response to their activation. The interleukin receptor when activated induces a signal transduction cascade which activates a family of transcription factors known as NF-kB, which promote the synthesis of the proteins required for the immune response. The interleukin R-NfkB pathway has been found in mammals as well as in Drosophila development and immunity. The research in this grant will study the role of the IL-R-NFkB signal transduction cascade in Drosophila immunity by looking at the interactions among 18-Wheeler and Toll receptors and the NfkB transcriptions factors. The 18 Wheeler receptors affects the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and has sequence similarity with the interleukin receptor and the Toll receptor of Drosophila. Attacin is the antimicrobial gene the transcription of which is dramatically reduced in 18 Wheeler mutants, so the attacin gene will be cloned and the regions essential for its regulation will be identified. Regions in the cytoplasmic domain be identified of the 18 Wheeler receptor that are critical for signaling will be indentified, and the relation of 18 Wheeler activity to the nuclear import of NfkB transcription factors will also be examined. This research will provide information about the immune system of insects and the immune response. %%% The immune response is an essential feature of all living organisms. Similarities exist in the response of many organisms to infection. This research will use the fruit fly, Drosophila melanagaster, to study how infection by bacteria results in the production of proteins that inactivate foreign deleterious substances. ***

9723899 Eldon 免疫反应是防止外来生物体入侵。 脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的免疫涉及快速产生使入侵者失活的蛋白质。 入侵者的存在通常由受体检测到，并且需要信号机制来传输该信息。 免疫系统细胞响应其激活而释放细胞因子或白细胞介素。 白细胞介素受体被激活时会诱导信号转导级联，从而激活称为 NF-kB 的转录因子家族，从而促进免疫反应所需蛋白质的合成。 白细胞介素 R-NfkB 通路已在哺乳动物以及果蝇的发育和免疫中发现。 这项资助的研究将通过观察 18-Wheeler 和 Toll 受体与 NfkB 转录因子之间的相互作用来研究 IL-R-NFkB 信号转导级联在果蝇免疫中的作用。 18种Wheeler受体影响抗菌肽的合成，与果蝇的白细胞介素受体和Toll受体具有序列相似性。 Attacin 是一种抗菌基因，其转录在 18 个 Wheeler 突变体中显着减少，因此将克隆 attacin 基因，并鉴定对其调节至关重要的区域。 将鉴定 18 Wheeler 受体的细胞质结构域中对信号传导至关重要的区域，并且还将检查 18 Wheeler 活性与 NfkB 转录因子核输入的关系。 这项研究将提供有关昆虫免疫系统和免疫反应的信息。 %%% 免疫反应是所有生物体的基本特征。 许多生物体对感染的反应存在相似之处。 这项研究将利用果蝇（Drosophila melanagaster）来研究细菌感染如何导致产生能够灭活外来有害物质的蛋白质。 ***