Molecular Phylogeny of Membracoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera): A Test of Alternative Evolutionary Scenarios

膜总科（昆虫纲：半翅目）的分子系统发育：替代进化情景的测试

• 批准号: 9726282
• 负责人: Christopher Dietrich
• 金额: $ 19万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9726282&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; Phylogeny; Membracoidea; Insecta; Hemiptera

9726282 Dietrich Molecular Phylogeny of Membracoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera): A Test of Alternative Evolutionary Scenarios Comprising over 25,000 described species, the Membracoidea (leafhoppers and treehoppers) are a highly diverse and successful lineage of plant-feeding insects. Conflicting morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationship have hindered attempts to understand the evolutionary origins of various unique ecological and behavioral characteristics (e.g., ant-mutualism, parental care, anointing behavior) and the possible roles that the acquisition or loss of such traits played in the diversification of the group. This project will provide increased resolution of the phylogenetic relationships among membracoid family-group taxa by adding characters from nuclear ribosomal (28S) and protein-coding (elongation factor l-alpha) gene sequences for a large sample of leafhopper and treehopper species. Analyses of these data will address a number of long-standing questions, including: (1) Did the initial divergence of treehoppers coincide with the loss ofjumping ability and acquisition of a sessile, cryptic juvenile stage, or are these retained ancestral characteristicsT; (2) Did treehoppers arise prior to the break-up of Gondwana, as implied by one morphology-based phylogeny, or did this lineage arise in South America after the isolation of that continent, as implied by the fossil record?; (3) Did shifts in habitat, host, and/or feeding stragegy promote the diversification of certain leafhopper and treehopper groups?; and (4) Were ant mutualism and egg-guarding behavior acquired independently in several different lineages?

9726282 Dietrich 膜膜总科（昆虫纲：半翅目）分子系统发育：替代进化方案的测试膜膜总科（叶蝉和角蝉）由 25,000 多个描述的物种组成，是高度多样化且成功的植物食性昆虫谱系。基于形态学的系统发育关系假设相互矛盾，阻碍了理解各种独特的生态和行为特征（例如蚂蚁互惠、亲代照顾、恩膏行为）的进化起源以及这些特征的获得或丧失在群体多样化中可能发挥的作用的尝试。该项目将通过添加叶蝉和角蝉物种大样本的核核糖体 (28S) 和蛋白质编码（延伸因子 l-α）基因序列的特征，提高膜科类群之间系统发育关系的分辨率。对这些数据的分析将解决一些长期存在的问题，包括：（1）角蝉的最初分化是否与跳跃能力的丧失和无柄、神秘的幼年阶段的获得同时发生，或者这些是否保留了祖先特征？ (2) 角蝉是否出现在冈瓦纳大陆分裂之前，如一种基于形态的系统发育所暗示的那样，还是如化石记录所暗示的那样，这一谱系是在南美洲大陆分离之后出现的？ (3) 栖息地、寄主和/或摄食策略的变化是否促进了某些叶蝉和角蝉群体的多样化？； （4）蚂蚁的互利共生和守卵行为是在几个不同的谱系中独立获得的吗？