Collaborative Research: Longwave Radiation Processes on the Antarctic Plateau

合作研究：南极高原的长波辐射过程

• 批准号: 9726676
• 负责人: Stephen Warren
• 金额: $ 68.7万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-04-15 至 2003-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9726676&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Longwave; Radiation; Processes

*** 9726676 Warren This project is an experimental study of long-wave radiation processes near the surface at South Pole station. Instrumentation capable of high resolution measurements of the infrared radiation fluxes at the snow surface -- a so-called Fourier Transform Interferometer -- will be developed and put in place in late 1999 and operated through the following austral winter. Supporting observations of the temperature and moisture profiles in the lower atmosphere, and of ice crystals in the atmospheric boundary layer will be made. Long-wave radiation (also called infrared or thermal radiation) is an important component in the energy balance of the atmosphere. On the antarctic continent radiation processes dominate the surface energy budget. In summer the balance is made up of four terms (incoming and reflected short-wave or solar radiation, and emitted and reflected long-wave radiation); in winter after sunset the short-wave terms are zero. The emitted long-wave radiation varies with temperature so that the condition of radiation balance at the surface will determine a particular value of the surface temperature. This study includes several experiments concerning the emission characteristics of snow, of ice crystals in the atmosphere, and of greenhouse gases near the surface. The concurrent environmental conditions such as cloud base altitude, temperature and humidity structure, ice crystal sizes and concentrations will allow the development of a climatology of cloud properties, and substantially improved representations of radiation processes in general circulation models. ***

本项目是南极站近地表长波辐射过程的实验研究。能够对雪表面红外辐射通量进行高分辨率测量的仪器——所谓的傅立叶变换干涉仪——将于1999年底研制并投入使用，并在随后的南方冬季运行。将对低层大气的温度和湿度剖面以及大气边界层的冰晶进行辅助观测。长波辐射（又称红外线或热辐射）是大气能量平衡的重要组成部分。在南极大陆上，辐射过程主导着地表能量收支。在夏季，平衡由四项组成（入射和反射的短波或太阳辐射，发射和反射的长波辐射）；在日落之后的冬季，短波项为零。发射的长波辐射随温度的变化而变化，因此表面的辐射平衡状况将决定一个特定的表面温度值。这项研究包括几个关于雪、大气中冰晶和地表附近温室气体排放特性的实验。同时存在的环境条件，如云基高度、温度和湿度结构、冰晶大小和浓度，将使云特性的气候学得以发展，并大大改善一般环流模式中辐射过程的表征。＊＊＊