Can a Deaf Child Learn to Sign From Hearing Parents?

聋哑孩子可以从听力正常的父母那里学习手语吗？

• 批准号: 9727050
• 负责人: Dan Slobin
• 金额: $ 31.32万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-02-01 至 2002-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9727050&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Deaf; Child; Learn; Sign; Hearing

The aim of the project is to document and compare 30 individual case studies of initial acquisition of sign language in Dutch deaf children in the age range from 15 to 36 months. The data consist of longitudinal video recordings made in home and preschool settings, vocabulary checklists gathered from parents, and scales of motor and cognitive development. Two samples of deaf children of hearing parents are compared: 13 using a natural sign language (SLN: Sign Language of the Netherlands) and 13 using a nonnatural sign system (SSD: Sign Supported Dutch). In both samples, the parents began to learn a manual language before the child was old enough to begin linguistic communication. A control group of four children learned SLN from deaf parents. The video recordings will be transcribed and coded on a number of linguistic, gestural, and communicative dimensions. Transcription and coding will include the communicative behavior of children, parents, and preschool teachers. Quantitative and qualitative analyses will be carried out, relating coded dimensions with each other, with measures of vocabulary and nonlinguistic performance, and with types of parental input. Developmental patterns will be established for each type of input. Four major predictions are made: (1) Adequate sign language development is possible with "imperfect input" from hearing parents provided the input is a natural sign language (SLN). (2) SLN is a natural language, and is acquired in similar fashion to other natural languages spoken and signed. (3) SSD does not provide sufficient input for adequate primary language acquisition. (4) A natural sign language (SLN) can successfully function as a second language for hearing parents in interacting with a deaf child. (Findings with regard to SLN, in the age range considered, are expected to closely match findings with regard to American Sign Language.) Confirmation of these predictions would argue for early intervention programs in w hich hearing parents are taught a natural sign language, such as SLN or ASL, in order to establish normal language and communicative development in a deaf child. It is expected that the study will lead to new insights into the linguistic structure of SLN and other natural sign languages with consequences for linguistic theory and for the assessment and education of deaf children. Implications will be drawn for theories of child language acquisition, including the cognitive, communicative, and biological foundations of human language. The findings and implications will be of immediate relevance to deaf children and their families in the United States, as well as the Netherlands and other countries.

该项目的目的是记录和比较荷兰15至36个月聋儿初步掌握手语的30个个案研究。这些数据包括在家庭和学龄前环境中进行的纵向视频记录，从父母那里收集的词汇清单，以及运动和认知发展的量表。听力父母的失聪儿童的两个样本进行了比较：13使用自然手语（SLN：荷兰手语）和13使用非自然符号系统（SSD：支持荷兰语的符号）。在这两个样本中，父母在孩子开始语言交流之前就开始学习手工语言。一个控制组的四个孩子从聋哑父母那里学习SLN。 视频记录将被转录和编码的语言，手势和沟通方面的数量。 转录和编码将包括儿童，家长和幼儿教师的沟通行为。定量和定性分析将进行，相互关联的编码尺寸，与词汇和非语言性能的措施，并与类型的父母输入。 将为每种类型的输入建立发展模式。 本文提出了四个主要的预测：（1）如果来自听力正常的父母的输入是自然手语（SLN），那么手语的充分发展是可能的。(2)SLN是一种自然语言，其习得方式与其他自然语言的口语和手语相似。(3)SSD不能为适当的初级语言习得提供足够的输入。(4)自然手语（SLN）可以成功地作为听力正常的父母与聋哑儿童互动的第二语言。 （在所考虑的年龄范围内，关于SLN的研究结果预计将与美国手语的研究结果密切匹配。 这些预测的证实将主张早期干预计划，其中听力父母被教导一种自然的手语，如SLN或ASL，以建立正常的语言和沟通的发展，在一个失聪的孩子。预计这项研究将导致新的见解的语言结构的SLN和其他自然手语的语言理论和评估和聋儿教育的后果。儿童语言习得的理论，包括人类语言的认知，交际和生物学基础的影响。这些发现和影响将直接关系到美国、荷兰和其他国家的聋哑儿童及其家庭。