Genetic Analysis of Plant Cell Wall Matrix Components

植物细胞壁基质成分的遗传分析

• 批准号: 9728779
• 负责人: Wolf-Dieter Reiter
• 金额: $ 32.1万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-03-01 至 2002-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9728779&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genetic; Analysis; Plant; Cell; Wall

9728779 Reiter Lay Abstract The cell walls of plants play numerous protective and growth-regulating roles during the life cycle of a plant. Furthermore, plant cell wall material represents the most abundant renewable source of biomass on earth, and represents the raw material for many products such as wood, textiles and paper. Accordingly, the investigation of the synthesis of plant cell walls is of considerable interest both from a basic and applied point of view. Plant cell walls consist of many different components such as cellulose, pectins, and many minor polysaccharide and protein components. Although most of the photosynthetically fixed carbon is ultimately incorporated into the polysaccharides of the cells wall, the biosynthetic pathways leading to the synthesis of these complex carbohydrates are poorly understood. This project utilizes a genetic approach to unravel the complexities of these in the model plant organism, Arabidopsis thaliana. The project will focus on two cell wall mutants, mur2 and mur3, which affect the bisynthesis of a class of important cell wall cross-linkers called xyloglucans. The mutants will be used to obtain the affected genes by so-called "positional cloning", a procedure that permits the isolation of genes based solely on their location within the genetic material. Once these genes involved in the synthesis of the plant cell wall polysaccharides have been obtained, they will be used to determine their function and to identify other components of the cell wall biosynthetic machinery in higher plants. In the long term, this knowledge is likely to permit the genetic manipulation of cell wall synthesis with the goal o f improving the properties of agriculturally important plants. ***

9728779赖特莱摘要植物的细胞壁在植物的整个生命周期中发挥着许多保护和生长调节的作用。此外，植物细胞壁材料是地球上最丰富的可再生生物质来源，也是木材、纺织品和纸张等许多产品的原材料。因此，从基础和应用的角度研究植物细胞壁的合成都是非常有意义的。植物细胞壁由许多不同的成分组成，如纤维素、果胶和许多少量的多糖和蛋白质成分。虽然大多数光合作用固定的碳最终被结合到细胞壁的多糖中，但导致这些复杂碳水化合物合成的生物合成途径却鲜为人知。该项目利用一种遗传方法，在模式植物拟南芥中揭开这些复杂性的面纱。该项目将专注于两个细胞壁突变体，即Mur2和Mur3，它们会影响一类重要的细胞壁交联剂木糖葡聚糖的双合成。这些突变体将被用来通过所谓的“位置克隆”来获得受影响的基因，这是一种允许仅根据基因在遗传物质中的位置来分离基因的程序。一旦这些参与植物细胞壁多糖合成的基因被获得，它们将被用来确定它们的功能，并鉴定高等植物细胞壁生物合成机制的其他组件。从长远来看，这一知识很可能允许对细胞壁合成进行遗传操作，目的是改善农业上重要植物的特性。***