Dissertation Research: Infant Nutritional Intake in Esmeraldas City, Ecuador: A Biocultural Approach

虽然人们普遍认为母乳喂养对婴儿是最好的，但许多妇女停止母乳喂养的时间比建议的要早，因为她们认为婴儿分泌的乳汁不足。关于报告母乳不足的妇女是否真的产生更少的母乳，或者是否认为母乳不足是由于缺乏母乳喂养知识和社会支持不足等因素造成的，目前存在争议。本研究将调查厄瓜多尔埃斯梅拉达斯市妇女的乳汁不足情况。在为期10个月的时间里，将从72名母乳喂养妇女的样本中收集有关母乳喂养行为和信念、婴儿生长、母亲营养状况以及母乳数量和质量的综合数据。该项目旨在通过以下方式了解母乳不足：1)全面调查女性对母乳喂养做法的文化理解；2)对母婴营养状况、母乳脂肪浓度和婴儿吸奶量等生物因素进行纵向调查；3)仔细权衡与母乳不足有关的文化和生物变量。这将是在发展中国家开展的第一个结合婴儿牛奶摄入量、乳脂含量和母乳喂养结构观察的母乳不足研究。¥/╣%¢吗?©吗?┴¢┐▓¢¥╣¥┐¥╣吗?？││¾╣¥©Á烧嘴？<s:1> /Á¢¼©╣¢%/¥¥Á ？烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧烧？╝¥/¥¥吗?║╝║/╝╣一个┴_A¥/ % % /▓吗?╝/ A¢?¢Á│©/ Á /│？_ ？害怕/┤┤╣¥╣吗?¥吗?¥©一个┴│©现代╣¢¥╝”¥©/¥┴╣% %▓┐│吗?时间：Á Á Á <e:1>╣¥©╣¢OA│¥║?¢¥┤?│¥吗?╝/ %╝/┤┐/¥/┤┐┤╝╝/┤┐/¥¢¥┐┤一¥¢┴╣% %▓一个┤┐│/¥┤╣¥©└╝”║╝一│╣¢A┬║一╝╣_A¥/ %¥│©╣╗┐一¢╝一╗┐╣╝┤一个吗?<s:1>¥©Á职权范围Á¢¥职权范围À/职权范围？？▓?╝?©”┤╝╣┤¢

While it is widely recognized that breastfeeding is best for infants, many women stop breastfeeding their infants earlier than recommended because they believe they are producing insufficient milk. There is a debate about whether women who report insufficient milk actually produce less breastmilk, or whether the perception of milk insufficiency results from factors such as lack of knowledge about how to breastfeed and inadequate social support. This study will investigate insufficient milk in women in Esmeraldas City, Ecuador. A combination of data on breastfeeding behavior and beliefs, infant growth, maternal nutritional status, and milk quantity and quality will be collected from a sample of 72 breastfeeding women over a period of 10 months. The project aims to understand breastmilk insufficiency by 1) a thorough investigation of women's cultural understanding of breastfeeding practices, 2) a longitudinal investigation of biological factors such as maternal and infant nutritional status, fat concentration of breastmilk, and volume of milk intake by infants, and 3) a careful weighing of both cultural and biological variables in relation to milk insufficiency. This will be the first study of milk insufficiency to combine measures of infant milk intake, milk fat content, and structured observations of breastfeeding to be carried out in a developing country. Á¥/╣%¢ ? ©?┴ ¢┐▓¢¥╣¥┐¥╣? ?││┐╝¢ ╣ ¥©Á ▓?╝/Á¢ ¼©╣¢ %/¥¥Á╝ ?▓ÕÁ│¥╣└Á ╣¢ ╣_║?╝¥/¥ ¥? ║╝Á║/╝╣À Á┴ _Á¥/%%/▓?╝/Á¢ ? ¢║Á│╣Â╣│ ¢©/║Á /┤ │?_║?¢╣¥╣? ¿ /┤┤╣¥╣? ¥? ¥©Á Á┴ │©Á_╣¢¥╝` ¥©/¥ ┴╣%% ▓Á ┐│?└Á╝Á┤ ╣ ¥©╣¢ ║╝?ÕÁ│¥ ║?¢¥┤?│¥?╝/% À╝/┤┐/¥Á /┤ ┐┤Á╝À╝/┤┐/¥Á ¢¥┐┤Á¥¢ ┴╣%% ▓Á Á┤┐│/¥Á┤ ╣ ¥©Á └Á╝` ║╝Á│╣¢Á Á┬║Á╝╣_Á¥/% ¥Á│©╣╗┐Á¢ ╝Á╗┐╣╝Á┤ Â?╝ ¥©Á ╣└Á¢¥╣À/¥╣? ? ▓?╝? ©`┤╝╣┤Á¢