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Bioremediation Ecology: Fundamental Relationships Between Bioavailability Gradients and Diversity of Contaminant-Degrading Microorganisms

生物修复生态学：生物利用度梯度与污染物降解微生物多样性之间的基本关系

基本信息

批准号：
9729857
负责人：
David Ward
金额：
$ 45.2万
依托单位：
Montana State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1997-10-01 至 2001-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9729857&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Bioremediation Ecology Fundamental Relationships Between

项目摘要

9729857 Ward Most naturally occurring microorganisms have never been cultivated, probably because culture media poorly reflect the microenvironmental conditions in which microorganisms live in nature. Molecular biology approaches are however, beginning to reveal principals of the ecology of the dominant members of microbial communities, which are leading to their cultivation. We have begun a program of "bioremediation ecology" to evaluate whether fundamental principles of chemical behavior and microbial ecology lead to a more predictive knowledge of how to manage contaminant spills. We have shown that unique contaminant-degrading microorganisms can be cultivated in media which simulates the low-bioavailability microenvironments resulting from contaminant sorption to soil organism matter. Here, we will examine their fitness relative to contaminant-degrading microorganisms cultivated in unrealistic medium environments. Spills occur as mixtures, yet most contaminant-degrading microogranisms are cultivated on purifies contaminants. We will examine whether increasing complexity of contaminant mixtures, and their interactions with realistic organic-matter microenvironments, increases niche diversity, thereby increasing the diversity of specialized contaminants-degrading microorganisms need for effective in situ bioremediation. Such results have the potential to change the way we think about the microbial ecology of bioremediation, by identifying the most-fit microbial populations and understanding their specializations a basis for their successful manipulation.

9729857病房大多数天然存在的微生物从未被培养过，可能是因为培养基不能很好地反映微生物在自然界中生活的微环境条件。然而，分子生物学方法开始揭示微生物群落的主要成员的生态学原理，这导致了它们的培养。我们已经开始了一个“生物修复生态学”的计划，以评估化学行为和微生物生态学的基本原理是否会导致如何管理污染物泄漏的预测知识。我们已经表明，独特的污染物降解微生物可以培养在介质中，模拟低生物利用度的微环境，污染物吸附到土壤生物物质。在这里，我们将研究他们的健身相对于污染物降解微生物培养在不切实际的介质环境。溢出物以混合物的形式出现，但大多数污染物降解微生物都是在净化污染物上培养的。我们将研究是否增加复杂的污染物混合物，以及它们与现实的有机物微环境的相互作用，增加生态位的多样性，从而增加专门的污染物降解微生物的多样性需要有效的原位生物修复。这些结果有可能改变我们对生物修复微生物生态学的看法，通过识别最合适的微生物种群并了解它们的专业化作为成功操纵的基础。