Post-identification Feedback to Eyewitnesses: Psychological Processes and Forensic Consequences

对目击者的识别后反馈：心理过程和法医后果

• 批准号: 9807339
• 负责人: Gary Wells
• 金额: $ 28.57万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-01 至 2002-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9807339&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Post; identification; Feedback; Eyewitnesses; Psychological

9807399WellsThere is increasingly strong evidence that eyewitness identification of criminal suspects from lineups and photospreads is associated with two problems. First, it occurs with surprising frequency and second, that false identifications are often associated with high levels of confidence on the part of the witness and this can lead jurors to accept the false identification as though it were accurate. Recent work by the PI indicates that confirming feedback not only produces inflation of confidence among those who have made false identifications, but also leads witnesses to exaggerate how good their view was of the culprit, the amount of attention they paid during witnessing , how easily they were able to pick the person from the lineup and so on. The current experiments will use the PIs post-identification feedback paradigm to test the hypothesis that the processes leading to confidence inflation are not conscious and re not easily reversed. The experiments will test the effects of timing of feedback the type of feedback, the passage of time after feedback, and the accuracy of identification on eyewitnesses' reports of confidence, prior view, recollections of prior descriptions, attention ease of identification , and other eyewitness judgments. In addition the research will assess mock-jurors' impressions of the testimony of the eyewitnesses as a function of the feedback manipulation . The results will have significant implication for our understanding of how eyewitness confidence develops, why it changes, how confidence becomes dissociated form accuracy, and the implications for jurors' assessments of eyewitness credibility.

越来越多的有力证据表明，目击者从列队和照片中辨认犯罪嫌疑人与两个问题有关。 第一，它发生的频率令人惊讶，第二，虚假指认往往与证人的高度信任有关，这可能导致陪审员接受虚假指认，好像它是准确的。PI最近的研究表明，确认反馈不仅会在那些做出错误指认的人中产生信心膨胀，而且还会导致证人夸大他们对罪犯的看法，他们在见证过程中所付出的注意力，他们能多容易地从队列中挑选出这个人等等。目前的实验将使用PI后-识别反馈范式检验的假设，导致信心膨胀的过程是不自觉的，不容易逆转。 实验将测试反馈的时间、反馈的类型、反馈后的时间和识别的准确性对目击者的信心报告、先前的观点、先前描述的回忆、识别的注意容易性和其他目击者判断的影响。 此外，本研究将评估模拟陪审员对目击证人证词的印象作为反馈操纵的函数。 这些结果将对我们理解目击者的信心如何发展、为什么会变化、信心如何与准确性分离以及陪审员对目击者可信度的评估产生重要影响。