The Impact of Fundamentalism on Women's Socioeconomic Attainment

原教旨主义对妇女社会经济成就的影响

• 批准号: 9807611
• 负责人: Jennifer Glass
• 金额: $ 12.29万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-15 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9807611&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impact; Fundamentalism; Women; Socioeconomic; Attainment

This is a study of the influence of religious affiliation on the socioeconomic attainment of women. Women's ideological beliefs about appropriate family roles for mothers and fathers and the effects of nonmaternal child care are crucial determinants of their labor market behavior. However, little research has attended to the institutional sources of those beliefs. Conservative religious institutions, in particular, promote belief systems that proscribe mothers' market behavior and support a traditional family structure in which mothers concentrate on childrearing to the exclusion of other pursuits. These fundamentalist religious institutions have been gaining rather than losing strength during the period in which mothers' labor force participation has risen dramatically in the United States overall. This research project focuses on the direct and indirect impacts of fundamentalist religious ideologies and institutional participation on mothers' labor force participation and wage attainment. This project seeks to answer several crucial questions in three general areas: (1) Does fundamentalist religiosity matter for women's labor force participation and wage attainment? Does gender ideology mediate the impact of religious participation on market outcomes, or does religious participation (and the social networks it spawns) affect behavior irrespective of individuals' gender ideology? (2) How does the life-cycle timing of fundamentalist activity affect adult behavior? Do family-of-origin religious beliefs and practices have lingering effects (perhaps through the failure to acquire marketable skills via higher education) or are current beliefs and practices most compelling? (3) How precisely does fundamentalism affect women's wages - indirectly through its effects on fertility, early family formation, and the acquisition of education or directly through its effects on the amount, gender type, and intensity of employment following motherhood? These questions will be investigated with a national longitudinal sample (The National Survey of Families and Households) to determine the strength and direction of effects of both childhood and adult fundamentalist activity on the acquisition and use of marketable skills among American women. Structural equation modeling using multiple group comparisons will be used to test the influence of fundamentalist denominational affiliation, religious beliefs, and religious activities on the likelihood of labor force participation, and the wages obtained from participation, for married and unmarried women. Because the gender wage gap has been stubbornly persistent, while the obligations of mothers to financially support their children have been increasing over time, debates about the social rather than economic causes of mothers' lower wages continue to be important. In particular, this research can shed light on the extent to which mothers' failure to achieve wages on par with fathers can be attributed to the influence of religious institutions on women's decisions to prioritize mothering over preparation for and engagement in market work. This research also addresses fundamental theoretical questions in sociology about the autonomous power of cultural ideology to mold behavior in the face of structural economic pressures to behave otherwise.

这是对宗教信仰对妇女社会经济成就的影响的研究。 妇女对母亲和父亲的适当家庭角色的意识形态信念以及非母亲保健的影响是其劳动力市场行为的关键决定因素。但是，几乎没有研究这些信念的机构来源。尤其是保守的宗教机构，促进了信仰体系，这些制度禁止母亲的市场行为，并支持传统的家庭结构，在该结构中，母亲专注于育儿，以排除其他追求。这些原教旨主义的宗教机构一直在增长，而不是在母亲劳动力参与的时期急剧上升。该研究项目侧重于原教旨主义宗教意识形态和机构参与对母亲的劳动力参与和工资的影响。 该项目旨在在三个一般领域回答几个关键问题：（1）原教旨主义宗教信仰对妇女的劳动力参与和工资达成很重要吗？性别意识形态是否会介绍宗教参与对市场成果的影响，还是宗教参与（以及它产生的社交网络）会影响行为，而与个人的性别意识形态无关？ （2）原教旨主义活动的生命周期如何影响成人行为？原来的宗教信仰和实践家庭是否具有挥之不去的影响（也许是通过高等教育获得可销售技能的），还是当前的信仰和实践最引人注目？ （3）原教旨主义对妇女的工资有多准确地影响 - 通过对生育能力，早期家庭形成以及对教育的收购的影响或直接通过其对母性后的数量，性别类型和就业强度的影响而间接地受到间接？ 这些问题将通过国家纵向样本（全国家庭和家庭调查）进行调查，以确定童年和成人原教旨主义活动对美国妇女获得和使用可销售技能的效果的力量和方向。使用多个小组比较的结构方程建模将用于测试原教旨主义的派别归属，宗教信仰和宗教活动对劳动力参与可能性的可能性以及对已婚和未婚妇女获得的工资的影响。 由于性别工资差距一直坚持不懈，而母亲在经济上养育子女的义务随着时间的流逝而增加，因此关于母亲较低工资的社会而不是经济原因的辩论仍然很重要。特别是，这项研究可以揭示母亲未能与父亲达到工资的程度，这可以归因于宗教机构对妇女决定优先级为育儿而不是准备和参与市场工作的妇女决定的影响。这项研究还解决了社会学中关于文化意识形态在结构经济压力面前塑造行为的自主力量的基本理论问题。