Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Analyzing Fundamentalism

概念化、衡量和分析原教旨主义

• 批准号: 2213706
• 负责人: Mansoor Moaddel
• 金额: $ 16.56万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2213706&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Conceptualizing; Measuring; Analyzing; Fundamentalism

This project studies religious fundamentalism, focusing on contrasting groups in a single political entity. The adherents of fundamentalist movements consider their religion to be a system of absolute truth, promote strict conformity to the religious laws and moral precepts specified in the scriptures, and have mustered considerable influence in some regions in recent decades. It is, however, unclear to what extent the groups studied here hold fundamentalist beliefs and attitudes. To make this assessment, this project will launch a full-scale survey of religious fundamentalism and other cultural and sociopolitical values. Building on a earlier study of the subject in the region, this project evaluates the similarities and differences in fundamentalism between people in different groups throughout the region. This project also gauges how fundamentalist beliefs and attitudes among individuals are linked to their (a) religiosity, (b) identity, (c) liberal values, (d) the feelings of insecurity and xenophobia, (e) sources of information, and (f) demographics. Increased understanding of what affects societal values and weakens fundamentalism contributes to a better knowledge of how to engineer peace and avoid conflict.The existence of considerable variability in the fundamentalist movements among the followers of the Abrahamic faiths complicates comparative analysis of the subject, hampers empirical generalization across these faiths, and poses difficulties in theoretical abstraction. To overcome these challenges, this project theorizes that fundamentalists, despite their variabilities across religions and sects, share core orientations toward their own and other religions. These core orientations rest on a disciplinarian conception of the deity, literalism or inerrancy, religious exclusivity, and religious intolerance. To measure these orientations, a fundamentalism scale based on a battery of sixteen survey questions was constructed and validated. This study employs this scale to gauge fundamentalism among a representative sample of 3,300 adult respondents from contrasting groups, using both face-to-face and online interviews. By developing a fundamentalism scale that measures the subject in all the Abrahamic faiths, this project makes a significant contribution to the social-scientific study of fundamentalism and comparative religious studies. The collected dataset will also serve as an infrastructure for comparative analysis and make it possible to engage in scientific dialogue among different researchers studying the subject in the region and beyond.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目研究宗教原教旨主义，重点是单个政治实体中的对比群体。原教旨主义运动的信徒认为他们的宗教是一种绝对真理的体系，促进了圣经中指定的宗教法律和道德戒律，并在最近几十年中在某些地区召集了相当大的影响力。但是，目前尚不清楚这里研究的小组在多大程度上具有原教旨主义的信念和态度。为了进行此评估，该项目将对宗教原教旨主义以及其他文化和社会政治价值进行全面调查。该项目基于对该地区对该主题的较早研究，评估了整个地区不同群体中人们之间基础主义的相似性和差异。 该项目还衡量了个体之间的原教旨主义信仰和态度如何与他们的（a）宗教信仰，（b）身份，（c）自由主义价值观，（d）不安全感和Xenophobia的感觉，（e）信息来源，以及（f）人口统计学。 对影响社会价值观和削弱原教旨主义的影响的越来越多的了解有助于更好地了解如何设计和平并避免冲突。亚伯拉罕信仰的追随者之间的基础主义运动的存在很大的可变性使对受试者的比较分析变得复杂，使这些信仰的经验概括变得复杂，并使这些信仰的经验概括变得困难。为了克服这些挑战，该项目从宗教和教派之间的变化来理论上，这些项目具有对自己和其他宗教的核心取向。这些核心方向取决于对神，文字或无情，宗教独家性和宗教不宽容的纪律概念。为了衡量这些方向，构建和验证了基于16个调查问题的基础主义量表。这项研究采用了这一规模来使用面对面和在线访谈的3300名成年受访者的代表性样本来衡量原教旨主义。通过开发一个原教旨主义量表，该量表衡量所有亚伯拉罕信仰中的主题，该项目为对原教旨主义和比较宗教研究的社会科学研究做出了重大贡献。收集到的数据集还将作为比较分析的基础架构，并有可能在研究该地区及其他地区的不同研究人员之间进行科学对话。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。