Dietary Specialization in Mammals: Tests of Detoxificaton and Elimination Models

哺乳动物的饮食专门化：解毒和消除模型的测试

• 批准号: 9809961
• 负责人: Maria Denise Dearing
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-15 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9809961&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dietary; Specialization; Mammals; Tests; Detoxificaton

9809961 Dearing A fundamental goal in the study of the ecology of mammalian herbivores has been to identify the physiological factors that limit dietary specialization. Although plant secondary compounds have played a paramount role in the generation of diet selection hypotheses of mammalian herbivores and detoxification capability is often proposed as a mechanism determining diet breadth, our understanding of how herbivores detoxify secondary compounds is quite limited. To generate diet selection models with more predictive power and to understand the ecological distributions of herbivorous mammals, we first need to improve our knowledge of the mammalian detoxification system. The objective of the proposed research is to identify and quantify the mechanisms that specialist and generalist herbivores use to detoxify plant secondary compounds by testing the following 3 hypotheses: by producing detoxification metabolites that are less acidic than those produced by generalists; by generating the same acid-load during detoxification as generalists, however, eliminating hydrogen ions (H+) produced in this process through an entirely different route than generalists; and by having a greater capacity to buffer urine than generalists.

9809961迪林哺乳动物食草动物生态学研究的一个基本目标是确定限制饮食专门化的生理因素。 虽然植物次生化合物在哺乳动物食草动物的食物选择假说中起着至关重要的作用，并且解毒能力通常被认为是决定食物宽度的机制，但我们对食草动物如何解毒次生化合物的理解非常有限。 为了生成具有更高预测能力的饮食选择模型，并了解草食性哺乳动物的生态分布，我们首先需要提高我们对哺乳动物解毒系统的认识。 本研究的目的是通过验证以下3个假设来确定和量化专家和通才食草动物用于解毒植物次生化合物的机制：通过产生比通才产生的酸性更小的解毒代谢物;然而，通过在解毒过程中产生与通才相同的酸负荷，通过与通才完全不同的途径消除该过程中产生的氢离子（H+）;并且通过比通才具有更大的缓冲尿液的能力。