Dimensions: Biodiversity of the Gut Microbiome of Herbivorous Rodents

维度：草食性啮齿动物肠道微生物组的生物多样性

• 批准号: 1342615
• 负责人: Maria Denise Dearing
• 金额: $ 170万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-11-01 至 2020-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1342615&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; Biodiversity; Gut; Microbiome; Herbivorous

Some of the most critical interactions facilitating mammalian life occur between mammals and the diverse communities of microbes that reside within their guts. Plant-eating mammals harbor the most diverse microbial communities. Many of these microbes are important in the degradation of fiber; however, gut microbes may also play an essential role in detoxifying the natural toxins common in plants. This project will investigate how host evolutionary history and dietary toxins shape the diversity of the gut microbiome of herbivorous mammals by focusing on a group of rodents that specialize in eating plants that are toxic to other animals. Woodrats have an unusually toxic diet spanning a broader array of plants than most species. This makes them a potential model system for insight into this poorly understood but clearly important role of biodiversity in allowing animals to cope with plant defenses. The objectives of this project are to 1) identify and compare the microbial communities across chambers of the rodent gut to understand their function 2) investigate the influences of evolutionary history and dietary toxins in sculpting microbial diversity and function; 3) determine how diversity interacts with the liver of the host to facilitate detoxification. This project will provide some of the first insights into the microbial diversity of wild herbivores and the role that plant toxins play in shaping diversity. This work will advance our understanding of microbial diversity and may reveal new microbes useful for human probiotics. The discovery of novel microbes and genes associated with detoxification is anticipated; such biological material is of great interest to agricultural scientists wishing to improve husbandry practices in livestock. A one-week summer workshop will be offered annually to middle school students to teach concepts of microbial diversity through the development of interactive computer simulations and games.

促进哺乳动物生命的一些最关键的相互作用发生在哺乳动物和驻留在其肠道内的微生物的多样性社区之间。食草哺乳动物拥有最多样化的微生物群落。 这些微生物中的许多在纤维的降解中很重要;然而，肠道微生物也可能在植物中常见的天然毒素的解毒中发挥重要作用。该项目将研究宿主进化史和饮食毒素如何通过关注一组专门食用对其他动物有毒的植物的啮齿动物来塑造食草哺乳动物肠道微生物组的多样性。林鼠有一个不寻常的有毒饮食跨越更广泛的植物比大多数物种。这使得它们成为一个潜在的模型系统，可以深入了解生物多样性在允许动物科普植物防御方面的作用。本项目的目标是：1）识别和比较啮齿动物肠道各腔室的微生物群落，以了解它们的功能; 2）研究进化历史和饮食毒素对塑造微生物多样性和功能的影响; 3）确定多样性如何与宿主肝脏相互作用，以促进解毒。该项目将提供一些关于野生食草动物微生物多样性的初步见解，以及植物毒素在塑造多样性方面所起的作用。这项工作将促进我们对微生物多样性的理解，并可能揭示对人类益生菌有用的新微生物。预计将发现与解毒有关的新微生物和基因;希望改善牲畜饲养方法的农业科学家对这种生物材料非常感兴趣。每年将为中学生举办一个为期一周的暑期讲习班，通过开发交互式计算机模拟和游戏，教授微生物多样性概念。